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Syringe Pump Application Note Last modified September 28, 2012Teledyne IscoP.O. Box 82531, Lincoln,Nebraska,68501 USAToll-free:(800) 228-4373·Phone: (402) 464-0231·Fax: (402) 465-3091E-mail: Iscolnfo@teledyne.com Overview Reducing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxideto combat global climate change has become anincreasing concern. Possible ways to reduce these gasesinclude: 。 Improving process efficiencies Using low carbon fuels Carbon sequestration Carbon Sequestration Strategies Carbon sequestration can involve either of the fol-lowing concepts: Direct-Removal of greenhouse gases from thegenerating source (i.e., automobiles, powerplants, and industrial processes) Indirect-Removal of greenhouse gases from theair for storage in reservoirs, oceans, or terres-trial ecosystems Ongoing research includes both direct separation,capture, and storage, and indirect terrestrial or oceanstorage. CO2 can be stored in such places as depleted oilreservoirs, coal seams, deep saline reservoirs, and shaleformations. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) CO2 sequestration can be accomplished as anenhanced oil recovery technique, where CO2 is pumpedinto oil reservoirs to maintain production levels ofcrude oil. This is very cost effective, given the benefit ofincreased oil production. Enhanced Coal-Bed Methane (ECBM) Recovery Methane recovery through CO2 injection into coalbeds is another promising method of sequestration. Aswith EOR, the value-added benefit of energy revenue off-sets the costs of sequestration. Saline Reservoir Injection The injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers hasmany advantages. The storage capacity of these geo-logic formations is very large; aquifers in the UnitedStates alone have been estimated at up to 500 billiontons of CO2. In addition, large saline reservoirs are easilyaccessible by most major producers of CO, in the U.S. Elsewhere in the world, companies participating ingreenhouse gas emission reduction or emissions tradingmay stand to earn emission reduction points and/or taxsavings, offsetting the costs of employing greentechnologies. Research Studies are underway in the areas of direct and indi-rect sequestration, and of long-term storage andvalue-added energy recovery methods. Experimental Procedures Current research concerns the amount of CO, move-ment in the geologic formation into which it is injected,and how CO2 injection and storage impact the integrityof the formation. The diagram in Figure 1 depicts a test setup repli-cating conditions found in a deep saline aquifer todetermine its potential for long-term carbon storage. Figure 1: Modeling CO2 distribution and transport In a saline reservoir formation Teledyne Isco Pumps Teledyne Isco Syringe Pumps are excellent CO2pumps, and can be used in CO2sequestration experi-ments to duplicate the fluid and pressure conditionspresent in geologic formations.These high precision pumps are very effective with low and high flow rates.They deliver precise pulse-less flow, and can operate ineither constant flow or constant pressure mode. Table 1: Recommended Isco Pumps Model 260D 500D 500HP Flow Range (ml/min) 0.001-107 0.001-204 0.001-204 Pressure Range (psi) 0-7,500 0-3,750 0-5,000 1) Kyoto Protocol. 1 May 2008
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