练习【练习五十六】
将下列中文句子译成英文：
1. 他是一个好学生。
2. 他是那位老师都喜欢的学生。
3. 我要做总统。
4. 这是总统。
5. 请打开一扇窗。
6. 中华民国的总统将于明年访问美国。
7. 我要做一个好的工程师。
8. 他是那位我们常常谈到的老师。
9. Java是一个新的计算器语言。
10. 我有一只狗。
11. 他是获大奖的教授。
12. 火车站在哪里？
13. 请告诉我邮局的地址。
14. 这里有邮局吗？
15. 富人常住在城里。
16. 盲人可以用计算机。
17. 太阳在东边升起。
18. 宇宙是非常大的。
19. 为什么我们白天不能看到月亮？
20. 总统几岁？
【练习五十七】
将适当的冠词填入下列的空白：
1. He is student who went to see you.
2. There is river in this area.
3. I don't want to be teacher.
4. He wants to become doctor.
5. No one wants to be beggar.
6. Please open door which opens to the hall.
7. UNIX is computer operating system.
8. WINDOW is only operating system invested by Microsoft.
9. I have dog and two cats.
10. She is teacher who got many prizes.
11. earth is not flat.
12. Is there hotel around here?
13. Where is train station.
14. I really like library.
15. Please give me glass of water.
16. wind is getting stronger and stronger.
17. He is friend of mine.
18. It is hard for poor to go to colleges.
19. He is swimmer who swam across the English Channel.
20. weather is getting colder and colder.
21. This is book which I bought yesterday.
22. I don't like to be professor.
23. I am going to take vacation next month.
24. John will become basketball player.
25. I ride bicycle to work every morning.
12§2 a和an的用法
在英文里，a有时必须用an代替，凡是一个字一开始的发音是元音的话，那么前面就不能用a，而必须用an。例子：
an apple
an answer
an egg
an eye
an island
an idea
an old lady
an odd case
an umbrella
请注意，用an与否并不是完全和字母有关，而是和发音有关。举例来说，u虽然是一个元音字母，但是我们却说a unit，而不能用＊an unit，因为unit的一开始发音并非元音。
其它类似的例子有：
a useful car
a university
a uniform
a one-sided opinion
反过来说，有些字并不以元音开始，但是却必须用an，因为这些字的第一音节是元音发音，例子：
an honest person
an hour
【练习五十八】
填入a或an
1. He is English Professor.
2. This is easy job.
3. He is just ordinary person.
4. friend in need is friend indeed.
5. Give me hint.
6. I have American friend.
7. I will become engineer.
8. Is he honest boy?
9. hour later, he went away.
10. Is this university library?
12§3 冠词使用时的例外
在以上的两节，我们好像说冠词的使用是有一定规则的，其实不然，例外也不少。在很多情形之下，冠词是要省略的，更麻烦的是，连省略冠词的规则都有例外，应该省的却又不省了。
第一个有关冠词的特殊用法是这样的，假设我们要说〝男生通常不喜欢弹钢琴〞，我们不能说
Boy does not like to play the piano.
而要说
Boys do not like to play the piano.
这时，Boys的前面，是没有冠词的，理由很简单，我们不能加a，因为boys是复数，我们也不能加the，因为boys并没有指定哪一个男孩，也没有指定哪一种男孩。类似的例子有：
Girls are more diligent than boys.
When spring comes, flowers start to bloom.
Dogs are often close to their masters.
Cats are often quite lazy.
Men eat more than women.
Professors are all very smart.
第二个规则有关所谓不可数名词，很多名词是可以数的如：
a cup, two cups
a boy, three boys
a teacher
a student
a boat
an airplane
a glass of water
a cup of tea
可是很多名词是不可数的，以下这些名词都是抽象的，因此不可数
time
love
hatred
pain
joy
sadness
kindness
wisdom
hope
patience
这些抽象名词的前面是不要加冠词的，例子如下：
Time flies.（时间过得很快）
We can not live without love.
Let there be no hatred.
We must be able to endure pain.
Loving others ｃｒｅａｔｅs joy.
There is sadness in his voice.
Can you feel his kindness?
He has wisdom.
There is hope among us.
I am losing patience.
以上的例子，乃是泛指的事物，如果特定的抽象名词，仍要加冠词。例如：
This is the time to cry.
Do you feel the pain?
There is a hatred towards was in our society.
Everyone can feel the joy of being loved.
We just can not avoid the sadness of losing some loved ones.
He does have the patience to listen to long talks.
It is a virtue not to steal.
还有一些不可数的名词，是所谓的物质名词，像
water
fire
air
metal
tea
coffee
bread
butter
如果这些物质名词泛指一般的东西，前面是不要加冠词的，例如
Drinking water is important.
Don't play with fire.
We need air to breath.
There is metal in this device.
I don't drink tea.
I like coffee.
Father brings bread and butter home every day.
一旦物质名词指特定的东西，前面就要加冠词，例如：
The water in this city is polluted.
There was a fire near our home last night.
The air in this town is getting worse and worse.
Copper is a metal.
The tea from India is very popular in England.

专有名词，一般说来都不要加冠词的：
Mary is from Canada.
John got married last month.
Taiwan is an island.
England is in Europe.
France is a nice ｃｏｕｎｔry to visit.
Russia is a large ｃｏｕｎｔry.
Park Street is the main street in this city.
Go to Taipei first.
Sun Moon Lake is a beautiful lake.
January is often very cold here.
Sunday is a day for resting.
Spring is the best season.
Mt. Everest is in Europe.
President Kennedy died when he was young.
King George was considered a mad king.
Queen Elizabeth visited Australia recently.
可惜的是，英文中专有名词仍有要加the的，我们将试着将这些例外写成规则，但这种规则一定挂一漏万，读者如要知道何种情况要加冠词，何种情况不加冠词，惟一的办法是多读英文的文章，慢慢地就会了解什么情形该用冠词，什么情形不用冠词。
哪些专门名词前面仍要加冠词the呢？
(1) 河流，海洋，沙漠，海峡，海湾等等专有名词的前面都要加the。
the Hudson River （赫德森河）
the Rhine River （莱茵河）
the Yellow River （黄河）
the River Thames （泰唔士河）
the Amazon River （亚马孙河）
the Pacific Ocean （太平洋）
the Red Sea （红海）
the Mediterranean Sea （地中海）
the Baltic Sea （波罗的海）
the Atlantic Ocean （大西洋）
the Sahara Desert （撒哈拉大沙漠）
the Gobi Desert （戈壁大沙漠）
the Taiwan Straits （台湾海峡）
the English Channel （英吉利海峡）
the Manila Bay （马尼拉海湾）
the Bay of Tokyo （东京湾）
the Persian Gulf （波斯湾）
(2) 国家的名词中如有of时，要加the
the United States of America
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
the Republic of China
(3) 非常言式的名称，也要加the
the World Bank （世界银行）
the United Nations （联合国）
the Red Cross （红十字会）
the Catholic Church （天主教会）
(4) 帝国，朝代，时代等等专有名词的前面，要加the
the British Empire （大英帝国）
the Ｏttoman Empire （奥图门帝国）
the United Kingdom （联合王国）
the Byzantine Era （拜占庭时代）
the Chin Dynasty （秦朝）
the Victoria Era （维多*利亚时代）
the Hanover Dynasty （汉诺威王朝）
The Renaissance Era （文艺复兴时代）
the Dark Ages （黑暗时代）
(5) 如果提到〝全体〞，就要加the
the Wangs （王家）
the Kennedys （肯尼迪家族）
请注意，Wang和Kennedy都是姓，如果要指全家人，必须在姓氏的后面加s，前面加the。
the Chinese （中国人）
the Americans （美国人）
the Africans （非洲人）
我们说过，一般的专有名词是不要加冠词的，但是有很多其它的名词前面也不要加冠词，以下是一些规则：
(1) 学科一概不加冠词
I do not like mathematics.
He hates geometry.
She teaches us history.
(2) 三餐一概不加冠词
Did you have lunch.
Missing breakfast is bad for your health.
We have had dinner already.
千万记住，如果我们的名词指定某一个特定的时候，就仍要加冠词，以下是一些例子：
I had a happy ｃｈｒistmas lunch with my family.
The dinner you treated me last night was really good.
Did you have a big breakfast?
(3) 假如我们说〝上学〞，〝去教堂〞等等，都不要加冠词，例如
I went to church yesterday.
He goes to church every Sunday.
She is going to college this summer.
Did you go to school last week?
但是如果我们说的是指定的教堂，学校等等，仍要加冠词，例如：
I went to the church at the corner of Park Street yesterday.
The church which I went to when I was young is still there.
I did not go to the college which my father went to.
(4) 语言不要加冠词
English is easy to learn.
There are also grammatical rules in Chinese.
Can you speech Japanese?
但是，我们必须注意语言有另一种表示的方法，例如：
The English language is easy to learn.
There are grammatical rules in the Chinese language.
(5) 运动一概前面不加冠词
Do you play tennis?
I can not play basketball.
I really love soccer.
(6) 动名词前面不加冠词，例如
Swimming is good for you.
I like playing tennis.
Do you enjoy playing piano?

【练习五十九】
以下的句子都有冠词用法的错误，请改正这些错误：
1. The Girls are often good in learning languages.
2. The dogs always chase the cats.
3. Do you have the time?
4. I have not had a water for two hours.
5. There is no life without the pain.
6. The love is the most important thing in one's life.
7. He has the wisdom.
8. I am losing the patience.
9. This is not time to cry.
10. Pain due to losing a loved one is hard to endure.
11. Joy being a father is really great.
12. Being honest is virtue.
13. Speaking the truth is good policy.
14. Can you feel sadness of his?
15. We need the air to live.
16. I do not drink the coffee. I drink the tea.
17. We Chinese eat the rice every day.
18. Water in this area is very clean.
19. There was fire in the next street last night.
20. Fire last night killed three kids.
21. Coffee which you are drinking is from South America.
22. Mary is from the Canada.
23. The China is a large ｃｏｕｎｔry.
24. Republic of China was Founded in 1911.
25. Where is the England?
26. Is the Russian in Europe.
27. The President Lincoln is a great person.
28. The King George was a mad king.
29. Yellow River is a long river.
30. Have you been to Gobi Desert?
31. Manila Bay is very beautiful.
32. It is hard to cross Atlantic Ocean by a small boat.
33. Can you swim across English Channel?
34. United States of America is a large ｃｏｕｎｔry.
35. United Nations and Red Cross often work together.
36. When did Ottoman Empire end?
37. British Empire was large before.
38. Catholic Church is one of the oldest organizations in the world.
39. This cup was made in Ming Dynasty.
40. Renaissance is a very important era for mankind.
41. We should not go back to Dark Ages.
42. Wangs did not invite me to their house.
43. I do not like Kennedys.
44. Chinese pay great attention to education.
45. I do not like the physics.
46. Are you interested in the chemistry?
47. Did you have the lunch?
48. Let us have the dinner together.
49. I always have a breakfast with my family.
50. I had big dinner last night.
51. Dinner my mother cooked for me was delicious.
52. I go to the church every Sunday.
53. He does not like to go to the school.
54. Did you see beautiful church in the next street?
55. The English is so hard for me.
56. Do you speak the English?
57. Do you play the tennis?
58. The swimming is good for you.
59. I like the walking in the woods.
60. I practice the baseball every week.
【练习六十】
在以下的空白处加入冠词，如不需要冠词，就让它空白：
1. boys usually do not like to sit still for long.
2. I love to have cup of coffee.
3. There is love between us.
4. Can you feel love from you mother?
5. joy for having a new baby is really great.
6. Do you have time for a walk?
7. We can not live without love.
8. I have not drunk wine for a long time.
9. Do you have wisdom to distinguish bad persons from good persons?
10. This is good dinner.
11. I did not have dinner.
12. joy being mother is great.
13. Running is good practice.
14. sadness due to the death of his mother really hurts him.
15. We need water to live.
16. We can not live without air.
17. I do not drink coffee.
18. fire with occurred last night destroyed my house.
19. coffee which you are drinking is very light.
20. Republic of China is in Asia.
21. Where is Russia?
22. Is France in Africa?
23. President Kennedy was liked by most American before be died.
24. Amazon River is a long one.
25. Have you ever been to Tokyo?
26. Have you ever been to Tokyo Bay?
27. There are more than one hundred ｃｏｕｎｔries in United Nations.
28. This is Ming Dynasty porcalain.
29. Wangs invited us to a dinner party.
30. I do not like mathematics.
31. spring is a pleasant season.
32. I had pleasant evening with my friends.
33. breakfast which I had this morning was too light for me.
34. It is not easy to study English.
35. I did play basketball yesterday.
36. swimming is a good exercise.
37. There should be chicken in every pot.
38. It is good idea to eat lightly.
【练习六十一】
将以下的句子译成成英文：
1. 狗会叫（bark）。
2. 猫会抓老鼠。
3. 有时候（sometimes），痛苦是好的。
4. 我不喝茶。
5. 感觉到被爱是很重要的。
6. 说实话令人快乐。
7. 我们需要爱。
8. 他是一个中国人。
9. 中国人喜欢喝茶。
10. 昨夜，城里有一场火。
11. 约翰来自美国。
12. 法国在哪里？
13. 我喜欢林肯总统。
14. 黄河不是黄的。
15. 红十字会已经有一百年了（one hundred years old）。
16. 明朝是一个重要的朝代。
17. 你喜爱数学吗？
18. 我今天早上没有吃早饭。
19. 我已吃过午饭。
20. 我昨天没有去教堂。
21. 我今年秋天要上大学。
22. 游泳使我强壮。

第十三章 形容词的比较级
如果我们要翻译〝他比较老〞，我们不能说
＊ He is more old.
而一定要说
He is older.
为什么呢？这是因为英文里面的形容词有所谓的比较级规则。在下一节，我们讲一些最基本的规则。
13§1 最基本的规则
首先，我们要说明英文形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，最基本的规则是根据音节的多少来分的。一般来说，单音节的形容词在字后面加er，就变成了比较级，加est就变成了最高级，而双音节，或双音节以上的形容词，比较级是在字前面加more，最高级则是在字前面加most，举例来说，old, smart, strong, weak, high, low等等都是单音节的形容词，他们的变化如下：
原级 比较级 最高级
old older oldest
smart smarter smartest
strong stronger strongest
weak weaker weakest
high higher highest
low lower lowest
以上的形容词，都是单音节的，以下的例子都有关双音节的形容词：
原级 比较级 最高级
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
correct more correct most correct
stupid more stupid most stupid
significant more significant most significant
有一个规则必须注意，我们不能将more和er混在一齐用，以下的例子都是错的：
＊ He is more older than I.
＊ He is more taller than his brother.
正确的句子是：
He is older than I.
He is taller than his brother.
【练习六十二】
写出以下形容词的比较级：
1. small
2. slow
3. intelligent
4. expensive
5. tall
6. short
7. important
8. cheap
9. famous
10. cold
11. fast
12. careful
13. colorful
14. long
15. dark
16. bright
13§2 特殊的比较级规则
在上一节，我们说明了最基本的规则，那就是单音节形容词加er或est，双音节的形容词前面加more或most。但以下就是这些基本规则的例外。
(1) 单音节形容词的字是e，就直接加r或st：
原级 比较级 最高级
large larger largest
late later latest
nice nicer nicest
wise wiser wisest
(2) 形容词的字尾是y，而前一个子母是一个子音，则除掉y，加上ier，或iest：
原级 比较级 最高级
lucky luckier luckiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest
dry drier driest
easy easier easiest
(3) 单音节形容词的字尾是子音，前一音是一个元音，则字尾必须重复一次，再加er或est：
原级 比较级 最高级
fat fatter fattest
hot hotter hottest
wet wetter wettest
big bigger biggest
(4) 完全不规则的变化：
英文中，有几个特殊的字，他们的比较级完全没有规则，以下是一些例子，读者必须记住：
原级 比较级 最高级
good
well better best
bad worse worst
many
much more most
【练习六十三】
写下以下形容词的比较级：
1. cute
2. wide
3. early
4. happy
5. heavy
6. thin
7. easy
8. hot
9. wise
10. large
11. good
12. bad
13. many
13§3 比较形的用法
大多数比较级句子里会有than，以下是一些例子：
I am older than he.
His English is better than mine.
San Francisco is more beautiful than New York.
His car is cheaper than your car.
He is the most diligent student in his class.
I like apples more than oranges.
He has more money than his brother.
He is stronger than his brother.
必须注意的是以下的句子是错的：
＊ I am older than him.
＊ She is smarter than me.
为什么错了呢？因为原来句子应该是：
I am older than he (is).
She is more smart than I (am).
习惯上的is和am都省略掉的，由以上的解释可以看出，than后面的句词应该是主词，而非受词。
以下的错误，也请特别注意：
＊ My head is larger than your.
正确的句子是：
My head is larger than your head.
或者 My head is larger than yours.
请看以下几个错误的句子：
＊ My house is larger than your.
＊ The temperature of this city is higher than San Francisco.
＊ The height of Himalayas is greater than Mt. Fuji.
＊ My bicycle is older than his.
正确的句子应该是：
My house is larger than your house.
或者 My house is larger than yours.
The temperature of this city is higher than the temperature of San Francisco.
或者 The Temperature of this city is higher than that of San Francisco.
The height of Himalayas is greater than the height of Mt. Fuji.
或者 The height of Himalayas is greater than that of Mt. Fuji.
请注意以下的例子，句子中没有than，但仍有比较级：
Among all the teachers who have taught me, he is the best.
This is the best movie I have ever seen.
This food is the worst one which I have ever eaten.
John is the stronger one.
Do we have a better choice?
Mary is the more diligent one.
He is the older of the two.
He is one of the best movie actors.
This area is one of the hottest areas in the world.
He is one of the fastest swimmers of America.
This is a book which I like most.

【练习六十四】
改错：
1. ＊He is more old than I.
2. ＊She is younger than me.
3. ＊This university is more larger than that university.
4. ＊He is more older than my brother.
5. ＊His house is older than my.
6. ＊The size of this city is larger than San Francisco.
7. ＊She is taller than him.
8. ＊The height of this boy is greater than his brother.
9. ＊He is the most good student in my class.
10. ＊He is the more bad one.
【练习六十五】
将下列句子译成英文句子：
1. 你比他强壮。
2. 他的英文比我的好。
3. 他比他的弟弟更富有。
4. 他是世界上最富有的人。
5. 这支笔比你的贵得多。
6. 喜马拉雅山是世界上最高的山。
7. 亚马孙河是世界上最长的河。
8. 他比他的爸爸高。
9. 他是班上最好的学生。
10. 在我遇到的人中，他是最高的。
【练习六十六】
填充：
1. He is （old）than John.
2. This problem is one of the （difficult）problems that I have ever seen.
3. This is one of the （good）movies that I have ever seen.
4. Do we have a （good）choice?
5. This place is （hot）than San Francisco.
6. He is （famous）than his sister.
7. She is getting （bad）now.
8. He is feeling （well）now.
9. He has （much）money than his father.
10. Mary is one of （beautiful）student in her class.
11. He is （happy）than before.
12. Peter is getting （thin）.
13. This summer is （hot）than last summer.
14. You have a （bright）future now.
15. He has （many）students than I.
16. I feel much （well）now.
17. Ｈe is （careful）than you.
18. Time is （important）than money.

第十四章 总复习的例子
在这一章，我们将给很多简短的文章，每一段文章的后面，我们都会有详细的解释，相信这些解释将有助于读者对于文法的了解。
（１）
Dear Mother:
I arrived at the Taipei Train Station around one o'clock in the afternoon yesterday. My friend, Mr. Chen, greeted me in the station. We took a taxi to go directly to the university and checked into the dormitory. The dormitory is a very old one. I will live with three other boys and I met two of them already. Both of them are from Taichung and they are both quite friendly.
We went to the dormitory cafeteria for dinner. The food is not that good. Dear Mother, I miss you and especially the food you cooked for me.
Your son
这封信很简单，所叙述的事情不是用简单的现在式，就是简单的过去式，当然也有一次用了未来式。
绝大多数的句子都用了简单的过去式，因为这些句子都是叙述过去所发生的事，用现在式的有以下几句：
The dormitory is a very old one.
Both of them are from Taichung.
The food is not that good.
I miss you and the food you cooked for me.
为什么这几句话要用现在式呢？道理很简单，这几句话描写的是一些状态，而并非过去发生的事。
〝The dormitory is a very old one.〞
〝Both of them are from Taichung.〞
〝The food is not that good.〞
〝I miss you and the food you cooked for me.〞
等四个句子都是目前存在的事实，所以要用现在式。
现在我们不妨看一下冠词的情形，我们可以看到很多地方都用了the，如：
the Taipei Train Station
the afternoon
the station
the university
the dormitory cafetervia
the dormitory
the food
the food you cooked for me
各位读者一定可以注意到在the后面的名词都有所指，举例来说，the university指那所作者要去念的大学，他的妈妈知道他所说的是那一所大学。The dormitory指那间他已搬进去住的宿舍。凡是有所指的名词前面，原则上都应该加the。
哪里用了〝a〞呢？注意，我们用了两次
a taxi
a very old one
读者应该不难看出为什么这里我们不能用the，而一定要用a。
（２）
Mary: "Hello, this is Mary. Who is calling?"
John: "Hi, this is John. How are you?"
Mary: "I am doing fine. In fact, I am studying for the final examination now."
John: "Oh, I am sorry. When will the exam be over?"
Mary: "This Friday."
John: "Then, can we have dinner Friday evening?"
Mary: "OK, where are we going to eat?"
John: "How about the Chinese restaurant called Four Seasons?"
Mary: "That is all right with me. When do we meet?"
John: "How about six o'clock?"
Mary: "That's it. See you Friday evening at 6 o'clock at the Four Seasons."
这一篇短文主要的目的在于介绍所谓现在进行式。
Who is calling.
I am doing fine.
I am studying for the final examination now.
都是标准的现在进行式，事实上，也必须用现在进行式。
（３）
I have been interested in music ever since I was a small child. When I was seven years old, my mother gave me a violin as a birthday present. I have been taking violin lessons ever since.
I am so much interested in music that I finally decided to go to music school. This was a hard decision for me. I consulted with my parents. Both of them encouraged me to go ahead.
Yesterday, I was accepted by one of the best music schools in Taiwan. I am really happy about this.
这一段话中，我们开始用现在完成式，比方说第一句话就是
I have been interested in music ever since I was a small child.
为什么要用现在完成式呢？道理很简单，这句话里面有有〝ever since〞这个词，凡是有了这个词句，我们就一定要用现在完成式了。
另外一句用了现在完成进行式的句子是：
I have been taking violin lessons ever since.
读者不妨去看看第四章，就知道为什么这里要用现在完成进行式了。凡是〝自从〞某某日开始，而就一直在做的事情，就应该用现在完成式，或者现在完成进行式。
这一段文章里面，我们还用了被动语气。
I was accepted by one of the best music schools in Taiwan.
各位读者不妨注意，这被动语气的用法是很正当而且适宜的，如用主动这句话变成了
One of the best music schools accepted me.
这样反而并不太能表达原意。
（４）
Before I got into college, I had been to the United States and lived there for one year. This is why I could speak English better than average students.
As I studied as a college student, Hitler was secretly preparing for the Second World War. The war erupted finally when I was a senior. I was forced to quit school and was drafted into the army. I luckily survived the war and came back to resume my studying after the war was over. Since I had gone to the war, I was more mature than most of the other students.
Even now, I can still remember my days as a college student as well as a soldier.
这篇文章介绍了如何使用过去完成式，第一句话就用了过去完成式，因为有两件事，一件是〝进大学〞，另一件是〝去过美国〞，由于在进大学以前去美国，所以〝去美国〞就用了过去完成式。
请注意第二段的第一句：
As I studied as a college student, Hitler was secretly preparing for the Second World War.
这一次，我们用了过去进行式，因为有两件事，〝在学校念书〞是一件事，〝希特勒在准备发动第二次世界大战〞是另一件事，其中有一件可以用过去完成式。
同理，在第二段话的最后一句话中，〝曾经去打过仗〞用了过去完成式。
这段文章中，有一句话用了被动语气，读者不妨看这句话〝I was forced to quit school.〞，其实我们在这种情形之下，我们必须用被动语气，当然也可以用主动语气，不过那并不太自然。
也请读者注意这段文章的最后一句话仍一定要用现在式。

（５）
I have been interested in reading novels for a long time. Among all of the novels that I have read, I like detective novels the most. Among all detective novels, I especially like those written by Agatha ｃｈｒiste.
Last year, I started reading another kind of novels, namely science fictions. I found out that some science fiction writers are quite philosophical. Unfortunately, there are not too many of them.
I always have a dream that one day I will be good in writing novels. Do you think that my dreams may come true?
这段文章中，我们介绍了动名词的用法，第一句话的reading就是动名词，除此以外，我们还有两处用了动名词：started reading和good in writing。
读者也应该了解为什么第一句话要用现在完成进行式，在第二句话里面，当我们形容novels，我们也用了现在完成式。
请读者注意第一段的最后一句话，those written by Agatha ｃｈｒiste。在这里，written是一个过去分词用作了形容词，形容novels，我们也可以说those which were written by Agatha ｃｈｒiste.
顺便讲一下，Agatha ｃｈｒiste是一位非常著名的侦探小说作者。
也请大家注意，我们只能说interested in reading，而不能说interesting in reading。
（６）
Tomorrow, there will be a dancing party in our university. Since we are freshmen and most of us have never been to a large dancing party, we are naturally very much excited. I must say that I am not that excited. Although dancing is interesting, I often think that the music is too loud. Besides, as a bystander, I often find the way that the young people dance these days is so funny. When they dance, they often remind me of monkeys.
Well, I must admit that playing basketball is more interesting to me. But, unfortunately, I cannot play basketball tomorrow because the courts will be used for the dancing party.
这一段话主要的目的是介绍现分词和过去分词用成形容词的做法。第一个现在分词是dancing，dancing 在这里形容party。
我们在这里看到有些时候，我们应该用现在分词，有时要用过去分词。请看以下的句子：
We are naturally very much excited.
在这里，我们一定要用excited，绝对不能用
＊We are naturally very exciting.
下一句
Although dancing is interesting,
在这里，我们必须用interesting，而不能用interested。也就是说，我们不能说
＊Although dancing is interested.
（７）
We probably all believe that we should love others and forgive those who do bad things to us. Unfortunately it is often hard for us to practice what we believe in. For example, if someone really hurts us badly, we just do not know what we should do. Should we take some kind of action to hurt the person who hurt us, or should we forgive him?
The truth is that we may still seek justice. It is right if we want a criminal to go to jail for his crime. Yet, we should never have hatred in our hearts.
这篇文章的目的在介绍〝子句〞的用法，请注意这篇文章内的很多子句，举例来说
that we should love others and forgive those who do bad things.
就是一个子句，这个子句是believe的受词，有趣的是，这个子句内部又有一个子句，那就是
who do bad things to do.
这个子句是形容those的。
以下是这一段文章的全部子句：
that we should love others and forgive those
who do bad things to us
what we believe in
what we should do
that we may still seek justice

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