spectroscopy: IR,UV-vis,Raman (SERS), etc
microscopy: TEM,SEM,AFM,STM,optical microscopy,etc
scattering/diffraction:XRD,SAXS,SANS,light scattering(static and dynamic),etc
porosity:adsorption
thermal property:DSC,TGA
electronic/magnetic property:我不知道。。。。