当代质谱基础

书名：Fundamentals of contemporary mass spectrometry 序言：For over 100 years, mass spectrometry has played a pivotal role in a variety of scientific disciplines.With a small beginning in the late nineteenth century as a tool to detect cathode rays, mass spectrometry currently has assumed a major role in identification of proteins in biological specimens, with the aim of unraveling their functional role and detecting biomarkers of a specific disease. Mass spectrometry has become an integral part of proteomics and the drug development process. Several diverse fields, such as physics, chemistry, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical science, geology, cosmochemistry, nuclear science, material science, archeology, petroleum industry, forensic science, and environmental science, have benefited from this highly sensitive and specific instrumental technique. With the expansion of activity in mass spectrometry, an impressing need is felt to teach and train diversified and ever-increasing numbers of users of this somewhat esoteric analytical technique. This book is intended to fulfill this need by providing a well-balanced and in-depth discussion of the basic concepts and latest developments over a range of important topics in modern mass spectrometry. The material in the book has evolved from my experience of more than 20 years in teaching mass spectrometry courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Writing an earlier book, Principles and Practice of Biological Mass Spectrometry (Wiley-Interscience, 2001), was also of immense help in preparing the present volume. The previous book was well accepted by the mass spectrometry community, which encouraged me to undertake this project. For convenience, the book is organized into three parts and 15 chapters. Part I has five chapters that provide a detailed description of the instrumentation aspects of mass spectrometry. Topics in this section include modes of ionization (Chapter 2), mass analysis and ion detection (Chapter 3), tandem mass spectrometry (Chapter 4), and hyphenated separation techniques (Chapter 5). Massspectrometry has long made a valuable contribution to the identification of small (<1000 Da) organic compounds (Chapter 6) and the characterization of inorganic materials (Chapter 7). These two important topics are discussed in Part II. The protocol for interpretation of the electron ionization mass spectrum of organic compounds and the rules of their fragmentation are described in Chapter 6. Currently, the role of mass spectrometry has expanded to the biological sciences. Keeping this aspect in mind, a large portion of this book (Part III) is devoted to the field of biological mass spectrometry. This section contains eight chapters. The analysis of proteins and peptides, which is a major focus of biological mass spectrometry, is dealt with at length; three chapters (Chapters 8 to 10) are devoted to this topic. Also discussed are oligosaccharides (Chapter 11), lipids (Chapter 12), and oligonucleotides (Chapter 13). The field of quantitative analysis is reviewed separately in Chapter 14. Chapter 15 covers a range of miscellaneous topics, including enzyme kinetics, imaging mass spectrometry, analysis of microorganisms, clinical mass spectrometry, metabolomics, forensic analysis, and combinatorial chemistry. Several appendixes provide additional helpful material. A comprehensive up-to-date list of references is included at the end of each chapter. As an aid to better understanding of the concepts and to improve problemsolving skills, several worked-out examples are included in most chapters. Another novel feature of the book is an overview of each chapter, which provides a concise survey of the concepts discussed in the chapter. Also, the practice exercises included at the end of the chapter will help readers grasp the material. Solutions to the exercises are given in Appendix F. It is hoped that the book will be a good teaching tool of the principles of mass spectrometry to undergraduates and graduates as well as to those with no background in mass spectrometry. The practitioner of mass spectrometry at all levels should also enjoy reading the book. I would like to express my gratitude to Drs. Dominic M. Desiderio, Chris G. Enke, Michael L. Gross, Nico M. M. Nibbering, and Kenneth B. Tomer for their valuable expert opinion. They have all read the text completely or in part and have provided valuable insight and suggestions. I also acknowledge the assistant of Hari Kosanam and Tarun Gheyi in preparing the manuscript. The editorial staff at Wiley-Interscience also deserves my appreciation for the excellent appearance of the book. Finally, I lack the words to express my full appreciation to my wife, Asha, for her love, encouragement, and sacrifice during the writing of the book. Most of the EI mass spectra of organic compounds in Chapter 6 are reproduced from the NIST Chemistry WebBook. I am highly indebted to the NIST for the use of these spectra. Several figures in this book are reproduced from my earlier book, Principles and Practice of Biological Mass Spectrometry, for which I am grateful to Wiley-Interscience. CHHABIL DASS