Penghan Lu is currently a staff scientist at the Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons in Research Centre Jülich, Germany. He is a core team member of German National Roadmap Infrastructure Project on next-generation electron microscopy and correlated techniques (ER-C 2.0). His current research activities mostly focus on methodology and instrumentation development in electron microscopy, particularly by applying non-conventional optical setup and custom-designed hardware components to specific applications. This includes, but not limited to, low-dose phase contrast electron microscopy (including holography, ptychography, differential phase contrast, and other types of 4D STEM) for challenging materials and biological specimens, characterisation and application of direct counting and event-driven detectors in 4D STEM, in situ, and time-resolved electron microscopy, cryogenic electron microscopy especially towards liquid helium temperature, phase plate, structured illumination, and aberration correction in electron microscopy, as well as micro- and nano-fabrication using electron beam lithography and focused ion beam.