高温来袭天气预报遭质疑 气象局:仪器很客观
p style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "strong仪器信息网讯/strong 7月以来,我国大部分地区出现高温天气过程,中央气象台持续发布高温预警。“百步冒汗蒸,千步似洗澡,右手遮阳伞,左手扇子摇。开一天空调,吃两盒雪糕,晒得真够劲,恰非洲同胞。”一首打油诗道出了全国多少人民凄惨的心。/pp style="text-align: center "img style="max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 300px height: 184px " src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201907/uepic/667fdfc7-59c3-4942-afa3-ac33be6bbfcf.jpg" title="1_副本.png" alt="1_副本.png" width="300" height="184" border="0" vspace="0"//pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "新闻联播主持人朱广权金句:热得你走出半生,归来全熟,身上还挂着椒盐;晒得你走出半生,归来仍是少年… … 包青天!/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""炎炎夏日酷热难耐,总有人质疑,明明感觉已经超过40℃,天气预报却说不到35℃,预报员故意低报温度在给企业节省高温津贴?天气预报数据是怎么测出来的?/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""中国气象局曾经科普过:“高温低报”其实是不存在的。气象部门对预报员有着严格的检验和考评标准,温度和实况温度相差超过2℃,即被认定为预报失准。天气预报的温度决定了一个基调,是热还是凉。而温度恒定的情况下,湿度越大,人的体感温度越高;有风的情况下,空气流动可将身体散发出的热量吹离,体感温度降低;太阳照射时,体感温度会升高;在树荫底下或遮阳棚下,体感温度与太阳直接照射时不同;一般阴天与晴天人的体感温度相差4℃到6℃,甚至更大。此外,还有许多因素可导致人的体感温度与天气预报温度不同步。/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""气象观测是预报服务的基础,观测业务的现代化是气象现代化的重要组成部分。随着气象科技和业务的发展,气象观测越来越趋向于自动化,观测内容越来越丰富。常用的气象观测仪器有百叶箱、湿度传感器、温度传感器、风速传感器、激光云高仪等。/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/span/pp style="text-align: center "a href="https://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/C190791.htm" target="_self" style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) text-decoration: underline "span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) "strongspan style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) font-family: " times="" new=""百叶箱/span/strong/span/astrongspan style="font-family: " times="" new="":温湿度观测/span/strong/pp style="text-align: center text-indent: 0em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/spanimg style="max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 300px height: 225px " src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201907/uepic/c3c54fe8-6d08-4e54-ad7b-afc0e89fed0c.jpg" title="2.jpg" alt="2.jpg" width="300" height="225" border="0" vspace="0"//pp style="text-indent: 2em text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px text-align: right "(图片来源于网络)/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""百叶箱是用来放置测定空气温度和湿度仪器的木箱,是气象站和观测场最醒目的标志之一。百叶箱须设在草坪上,离地面1.5米,周围较开阔,无高大建筑,树木等阻挡风或遮挡阳光。/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "a href="https://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/C206389.htm" target="_self"span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/span/a/pp style="text-align: center "a href="https://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/C206389.htm" target="_self" style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) text-decoration: underline "span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) "strongspan style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) font-family: " times="" new=""湿度传感器/span/strong/span/astrongspan style="font-family: " times="" new="":湿度观测/span/strong/pp style="text-align: center text-indent: 0em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/spanimg style="max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 300px height: 296px " src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201907/uepic/33178be0-30dd-4c3e-9ab5-1ab048d5bd7a.jpg" title="3.jpg" alt="3.jpg" width="300" height="296" border="0" vspace="0"//pp style="text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "(图片来源于中国气象网)/span/pp style="text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""湿度传感器安装在百叶箱内特制的支架上,位于百叶箱水平面的中心,电缆线由支架底部穿入管内,由管顶取出,传感器固定在横臂的夹子中,头部向下。/span/pp style="text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "/span/pp style="text-align: center "a href="https://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/C332307.htm" target="_self" style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) text-decoration: underline "span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) "strongspan style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) font-family: " times="" new=""温度传感器/span/strong/span/astrongspan style="font-family: " times="" new="":温度观测/span/strong/pp style="text-align: center "img style="max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 300px height: 184px " src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201907/uepic/cd8e880a-9cb6-486a-b814-ffd1dfc2a46c.jpg" title="4.jpg" alt="4.jpg" width="300" height="184" border="0" vspace="0"//pp style="text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "(图片来源于中国气象网)/span/pp style="text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""温度传感器的电阻值随温度变化而变化,通过测量其电阻值推算出被测物体的温度。气象观测站中的空气温度、草面温度、浅层土壤温度、深层土壤温度都采用铂电阻温度传感器。/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/span/pp style="text-align: center "a href="https://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/C135033.htm" target="_self" style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) text-decoration: underline "span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) "strongspan style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) font-family: " times="" new=""风速传感器/span/strong/span/astrongspan style="font-family: " times="" new="":风的观测/span/strong/pp style="text-align: center "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "/spanimg style="max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 300px height: 153px " src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201907/uepic/ce7be450-78b3-4c30-be6d-5d5dca3571ee.jpg" title="5.jpg" alt="5.jpg" width="300" height="153" border="0" vspace="0"//pp style="text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "(图片来源于中国气象网)/span/pp style="text-align: left text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new="" text-align:="" text-indent:=""风杯风速传感器采用三杯式感应器,当风杯转动时,带动同轴的多齿截光盘转动,得到与风杯转速成正比的脉冲信号,由计数器计数换算后就能得出实际风速值。/span/pp style="text-align: center "a href="https://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/C265283.htm" target="_self" style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) text-decoration: underline "span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) "strongspan style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155) font-family: " times="" new=""激光云高仪/span/strong/span/astrongspan style="font-family: " times="" new="":云的观测/span/strong/pp style="text-align: center "img style="max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 300px height: 193px " src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201907/uepic/06053d1b-bdb0-4970-a2a0-4c7865a1adf8.jpg" title="7_副本.jpg" alt="7_副本.jpg" width="300" height="193" border="0" vspace="0"//pp style="text-align: right "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "(图片来源于网络)/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""激光云高仪采用激光束照射云体的方法,测量激光发射到接收间的时间,从而计算云中反射点的距离,通过对时间积分的方式确定云量。/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "span style="font-family: " times="" new=""/span/pp style="text-align: left "span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei font-size: 14px "高温来袭,仪器信息网提醒大家:/spanbr//pp style="text-align: left "span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 240) font-size: 14px "暴晒别出门;外出要打伞;不渴也喝水;温度别极端;饮食加点苦;大汗后当心。/span/pp style="text-align: justify text-indent: 2em "br//ppbr//p