将野生等位基因渗入四倍体花生作物中以提高水分利用效率,早熟和产量
p span style=" font-size: 18px " strong span style=" font-family: 宋体 " 将野生等位基因渗入四倍体花生作物中以提高水分利用效率,早熟和产量 /span /strong /span strong /strong /p p strong span style=" font-family:宋体" 文献信息: /span /strong /p p span Wellison F. Dutra, Yrla?nia L. Guerra, Jean P. C. Ramos, Pedro D. Fernandes, Carliane /span /p p span R. C. Silva, David J. Bertioli, Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli, Roseane C. Santos /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ( /span span 2018 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ) /span /p p strong span Introgression of wild alleles into the tetraploidpeanut crop to improve water use efficiency,earliness and yield /span /strong /p p span PLOS ONE | June 11, 2018 span & nbsp & nbsp /span a href=" https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198776" https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198776 /a /span /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" 摘要 /span span : /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 从野生物种中导入基因是育种人员很少用于改善商业作物的实践,尽管它为丰富遗传基础和创造新品种提供了极好的机会。在花生中,这种做法正在被越来越多地采用。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 在这项研究中,我们介绍了来自野生种 /span span Arachis duranensis /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span A. batizocoi /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 的野生等位基因渗入改善了光合特性和产量的一系列结果,这些系得自于诱导的异源四倍体和栽培花生在水分胁迫下的选择杂交。该测定法是在温室和田间进行的,侧重于生理和农艺性状。为了对耐旱品系进行分类,采用了多元模型( /span span UPGMA /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 几条品系显示出更高的耐受水平,其值与耐受对照相似或更高。突出显示了两个 /span span BC 1 F 6 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 系( /span span 53 P4 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span 96 P9 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),具有良好的干旱相关性状,早熟性和荚果产量,对耐旱的优良商业品种 /span span BR1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 具有更好的表型特征。这些系是创建适合在半干旱环境中生产的花生品种的良好候选者。 /span /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" 概述: /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 适应干旱环境的植物栽培种的开发是改良计划中的一项有价值的策略,并且由于复杂的遗传遗传而面临着巨大的挑战。为了简化选择过程,育种者可以使用替代性状来帮助鉴定耐旱植物。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 水分胁迫下的植物由于 /span span CO2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 的扩散限制而降低了气体交换,降低了羧化效率,或者由于光抑制导致了叶绿体活性的限制。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 植物自身有几种保护机制,以平衡吸收的光能与光合作用。根据 /span span Kalariya /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 等研究,非光化学淬灭( /span span NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )是一个非常重要的特性,它是指通过叶绿体以非光化学方式释放多余的能量,从而保护光合器官。在多种情况下,气体交换和叶绿素 /span span a /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 荧光是叶片生理状态和植物生长的非常敏感的指标。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 它们揭示了当前光合代谢的状态,包括胁迫条件下的损伤和修复状态。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 花生( /span span Arachis hypogaea L. /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )是许多国家种植的重要油料种子,可用于粮食和石油市场。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 花生属有 /span span 80 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 多种,多数为二倍体( /span span 2n = 2x = 20 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),代表了宝贵的遗传资源,广泛适应热带和半干旱环境。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 花生野生种在改良计划中的使用受到限制,这主要是由于物种之间的倍性差异和染色体障碍。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 可以通过人工杂交 /span span A /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span B /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 基因组野生物种,然后诱导染色体复制以恢复生育力和四倍体状态来克服这一问题。通过结合 /span span A /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span B /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 基因组来培育合成系,提供了一系列具有几个优良特性的四倍体,例如对疾病和害虫的抵抗力,并为花生改良开辟了新的机遇。 /span /p p span 1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 、材料和方法 /span span : /span /p p span 1.1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 植物材料 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span BR sub 1 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 是一种早熟的直立品种,广泛适应热带和半干旱环境。被选为父本,由于即使在缺水的情况下(间歇性和季节结束)也能生产成熟的豆荚,产能很高。诱导的异源四倍体 /span span [A. batizocoi K9484 x A. duranensis SeSn2848] 4x /span span style=" font-family:宋体" (在这里称为 /span span BatDur /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),是使用 /span span EMBRAPA /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 遗传资源和生物技术的花生种质库中的野生种质生产的。将 /span span BR sub 1 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span BatDur /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 杂交,并将来自该杂种的 /span span F sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family: 宋体" 后代与 /span span BR sub 1 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 回交。 /span span BC sub 1 /sub F sub 1 /sub s /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 自交,产生 /span span 281 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 种子。 /span span BC sub 1 /sub F sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 植物在温室中生长( /span span (Recife, 8?03’14”S 34?52’51”W, 7m /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ) /span span , /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 将种子播种在 /span span 20 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 升的花盆中,该花盆中装有事先经过石灰处理和施肥( /span span NPK /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span 20 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" : /span span 60 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" : /span span 30 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ,硫酸铵,单过磷酸钙和氯化钾)的砂质壤土。发芽后的第 /span span 25 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 天,将植物停水 /span span 15 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 天。只有 /span span 87 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个植物达到完整周期,并根据收获指数( /span span HI 35 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" %)和耐旱指数( /span span DTI 0.7 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )选择了 /span span 13 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个植物。由于所有后代均处于胁迫状态,因此将 /span span BR sub 1 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 的平均值用作对照。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 从 /span span 13 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 种选择的植物中的每一种中选择十个 /span span BC sub 1 /sub F sub 3 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 种子用于进一步的田间测定。 /span /p p img style=" width: 600px height: 457px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/6878c32a-d597-4220-81f6-0d845f3544e3.jpg" title=" 1.png" width=" 600" height=" 457" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 1.png" / /p p img style=" width: 600px height: 475px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/a75bf1e5-4c54-4bc5-acc3-dd8ab76ad07b.jpg" title=" 2.png" width=" 600" height=" 475" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 2.png" / /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" 图 /span span 1. /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 诱导的异源四倍体 /span span BatDur /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 近交采用的选择步骤。 /span /p p span 1.2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 田间初选和生理测定 /span /p p span span & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 在 /span span 2015 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 年雨季结束时,在田间试验中种植了 /span span 130 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 粒 /span span BC sub 1 /sub F sub 3 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 种子( /span span Campina Grande /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span PB /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span 7?13& #39 50” S /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span 35?52& #39 52” W /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span 551 m /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ,半干旱气候)( /span span 7 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 月 /span span -10 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 月)。将植物播种成 /span span 5m /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 行,间隔 /span span 30 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 厘米,出苗 /span span 25 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 天后要停水 /span span 21 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 天,然后恢复灌溉,在生长周期中保持相当于 /span span 400 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 毫米的浇水量。收获时,根据收获指数( /span span HI 30 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" %)从最初的 /span span 130 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 株植物中选择 /span span 64 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 株。评估了 /span span 64 BC sub 1 /sub F sub 3 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 植物的后代与干旱抗性和农艺性状相关的生理响应。在干旱季节,植物生长在 /span span PB /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 的 /span span Campina Grande /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 的温室中(十月 /span span / 2015-Feb / 2016 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。将 /span span BC sub 1 /sub F sub 4 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 植物种子播种在 /span span 30L /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 盆中,该盆中装有事先用石灰和肥料施肥的沙壤土质地的土壤。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 测定中添加了三种栽培基因型: /span span BR1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" (瓦伦西亚直立,耐旱),塞内加尔 /span span 55-437 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" (西班牙直立,耐旱)和 /span span LViPE-06 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" (弗吉尼亚州流浪者,对干旱敏感)。每天给植物浇水,保持田间容量 /span /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" 。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 在花期(直立品种为 /span span 24 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" – /span span 25 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 天,亚种 /span span LViPE-06 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 为 /span span 34 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" – /span span 35 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 天),植物需忍受 /span span 15 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 天的水分限制。水分替代基于作物的蒸散量( /span span ETC /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),通过温室内安装的蒸发罐和花生的作物系数来估算。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 分析期间记录的温度范围为 /span span 18?C /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 至 /span span 44?C /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 空气的相对湿度平均为 /span span 68 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" %。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:29px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 采用不完全随机区组,重复 /span span 10 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 次。测量了以下生理特征:气孔导度( /span span gs /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),蒸腾速率( /span span E /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),净光合速率( /span span Pn /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )和胞间 /span span CO sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 浓度( /span span Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。根据这些数据,估算了瞬时羧化效率效率( /span span Pn / Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )和瞬时水分利用效率( /span span WUE /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),以比率 /span span Pn / E /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 表示。使用红外气体分析仪( /span span IRGA /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span ACD /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span LCPro SD /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span UK /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )和 /span span 1600 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" μ /span span molm-2s-1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 的光源,在上午 /span span 9:00 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span 11:00 AM /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 之间测量光合作用参数。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 使用叶绿素荧光仪 /span span OS5p+ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ( /span span Opti-Sciences /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span Hudson /span span style=" font-family:宋体" , /span span USA /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )测量叶绿素荧光特性。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 使用 /span span Kramer /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 模型评估非光化学淬灭( /span span NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:29px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 使用软件 /span span GENES 2013.5.1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 通过单变量和多元(非分层模型)方法分析数据。 /span span UPGMA /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 方法被用作非分层模型。为了调整模型,估计了显着相关系数。 /span /p p span 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 、光合荧光生理参数分析 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 在这项研究中,我们旨在育种高级品系,将来自杜鹃花和蜡梅的野生等位基因渗入以提高花生的耐旱性。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 将一种由巴西曲霉 /span span x /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 杜兰曲霉诱导的异源四倍体与当地的优良耐旱品种 /span span BR1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 杂交。从该杂交获得的 /span span F 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 代与 /span span BR1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 回交,并且从 /span span BC 1 F 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 开始,在温室和田间进行测定,以鉴定耐干旱的植物。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 使用这种方法的合理性主要基于被确定为抗旱等位基因的潜在良好供体的花生。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 总体而言,这些基因型保持了较高的气孔导度( /span span gs /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )(图 /span span 3A /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),导致蒸腾速率提高( /span span E /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ,图 /span span 3B /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 这种组合有利于在水分限制期间维持这些植物的净光合速率( /span span Pn /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ,图 /span span 3C /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),降低细胞间 /span span CO sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 浓度( /span span Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ,图 /span span 3D /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。如图 /span span 3E /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 所示,大多数基因型的瞬时羧化效率( /span span Pn / Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )与 /span span BR sub 1 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 相似或更高。这表明在水分利用率低的情况下 /span span CO sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 固定效率。 /span span 11 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个基因型的水分利用效率要比对照亲本 /span span BR1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 高(图 /span span 3F /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 此外,在 /span span 64 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个 /span span BC 1 F 4 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 植物中,有 /span span 8 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个产生了较重的豆荚,其中 /span span 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个产生了较重的种子( /span span S1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 表)。这表明,根据此处采用的实验条件,这些基因型对水分胁迫的耐受性更高。 /span /p p img style=" width: 600px height: 201px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/6ad0e52e-87c2-46b1-b105-e7e73764b4cd.jpg" title=" 3.png" width=" 600" height=" 201" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 3.png" / /p p img style=" width: 600px height: 191px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/a54a5250-acdc-4ec2-a559-add2438fd0c9.jpg" title=" 4.png" width=" 600" height=" 191" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 4.png" / /p p img style=" width: 600px height: 203px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/b8c2ef15-1870-425a-9be7-f1f0e8da3a99.jpg" title=" 5.png" width=" 600" height=" 203" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 5.png" / /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" 图 /span span 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" :花生品系的气体交换。 /span span A- /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 气孔导度( /span span gs /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span B- /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 蒸腾速率( /span span E /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span C- /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 净光合速率( /span span Pn /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span D- /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 胞间 /span span CO sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 浓度( /span span Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span E- /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 瞬时羧化效率( /span span Pn/ Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span F- /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 瞬时水分利用效率( /span span WUE /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 虚线是 /span span 64 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个品系的估计平均值。 /span span BR1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span 55-437 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" (对照)。 /span /p p img style=" max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 600px height: 158px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/b68e1efa-aa84-4ed1-87b7-7c60d4788aec.jpg" title=" 6.png" alt=" 6.png" width=" 600" height=" 158" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" / /p p img style=" max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 600px height: 300px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/f02a7c1c-839f-4003-b577-60b6eb2ccd90.jpg" title=" 7.png" alt=" 7.png" width=" 600" height=" 300" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" / /p p style=" text-indent:42px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 图 /span span 4. /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 花生品系的非光化学淬灭( /span span NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 虚线是 /span span 64 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 个品系的估计平均值。 /span span BR1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 和 /span span 55 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" – /span span 437 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" (对照)。 /span /p p span span & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 植物在缺水的情况下会调节气孔关闭,减少蒸腾作用,从而克服胁迫期。这种情况导致 /span span CO2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 吸收减少。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 根据文献报道,气孔导度( /span span gs /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )是限制水分胁迫下植物光合作用的主要因素之一。气孔导度与净光合速率呈正相关( /span span table 1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 在半干旱环境中,雨季经常发生间歇性干旱,通常与强太阳辐射有关。这些可能导致对光合作用器官的严重损害,因此,大大降低植物中 /span span CO 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 的固定。为了避免这种损害,植物形成了多种保护机制,例如非光化学淬灭( /span span NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),它负责光合作用和光能的平衡。在这项研究中,有 /span span 15 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 种基因型的 /span span NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 值超过了一般平均值(图 /span span 4 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),其中 /span span 10 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 种与 /span span BR sub 1 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 相似或更高,表明这些基因型即使在水分胁迫下也能消耗多余的能量,从而改善了光合器官的功能。 /span span span & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp /span span & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp /span /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family:宋体" 表 /span span 1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 中数据显示了他们之间的相关性, /span span gs x Pn /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ( /span span 0.57 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span gs x NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ( /span span -0.52 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span gs x Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ( /span span 0.76 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ), /span span Pn x Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ( /span span 0.62 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" )和 /span span NPQ x Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ( /span span -0.75 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" ),相关性很高。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 表明它们可以用作花生抗旱性近亲繁殖选择程序的替代性状。 /span /p p style=" text-align:left text-indent:28px" span style=" font-family: 宋体" 这些新育种系的采用为扩大未来品种的遗传基础提供了机会,也为在野生育种计划中利用野生遗传资源提供了机会。 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 此处创建的品系是用于半干旱环境的花生育种进步的非常有前景的材料。 /span /p p style=" text-indent:28px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体" 北京澳作生态仪器有限公司可提供完备的植物光合荧光测量技术方案。 /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span span 1、& nbsp /span /span span OS5p+ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 便携式叶绿素荧光仪 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black background:white" 采用的是独特的调制 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 Simsun& #39 ,& #39 serif& #39 color:black background:white" - /span span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:black background:white" 饱和 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 Simsun& #39 ,& #39 serif& #39 color:black background:white" - /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black background:white" 脉冲技术,可快速、可靠的测量光合作用的各种荧光参数, /span span style=" color:black" Y(II) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" ETR /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" PAR /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" T /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Fv /Fm /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Fv /Fo /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Fo /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Fm /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Fv /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Fms /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Fs /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" RLC /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" rETR sub MAX /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Ik /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Im /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" ; /span span style=" color:black" q L /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Y(NPQ) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" Y(NO) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" q N /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 、 /span span style=" color:black" q P /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 。 /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" img style=" max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 300px height: 224px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/bd44e8df-4aec-40ee-b0b6-093b4bf44c6b.jpg" title=" 8.png" alt=" 8.png" width=" 300" height=" 224" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" / /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" /span /p p span style=" font-size:12px" OS5p+ /span span style=" font-size:12px font-family:宋体" 便携式叶绿素荧光仪 /span /p p style=" text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black background:white" 特点: /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:Wingdings color:black" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 可以分别测量非光化学淬灭 /span span style=" color:black" NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 的四个分量 /span span style=" color:black" : qM /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 叶绿体迁移、 /span span style=" color:black" qE /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 叶黄素循环、 /span span style=" color:black" qT /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 状态转换、 /span span style=" color:black" qI /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 光抑制, /span span style=" color:black" qM /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 叶绿体迁移导致的荧光淬灭变化大约占 /span span style=" color:black" NPQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 非光化学淬灭的 /span span style=" color:black" 30%, OS5p+ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 是市面上唯一可测量叶绿体迁移引起的荧光淬灭的仪器。 /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" /span /p p img style=" width: 300px height: 230px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/5873f977-262f-443a-9c48-34c61493ae64.jpg" title=" 9.png" width=" 300" height=" 230" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 9.png" / /p p img style=" width: 300px height: 202px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/b3013e52-5d47-4712-9f15-9505b43e63fc.jpg" title=" 10.png" width=" 300" height=" 202" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 10.png" / /p p span qM /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 叶绿素体迁移的示意图及测量结果图示 /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family: Wingdings" ? span style=" font-variant-numeric: normal font-variant-east-asian: normal font-stretch: normal font-size: 9px line-height: normal font-family: & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span span Fm’ /span span style=" font-family: 宋体" 校正技术 /span /p p span style=" font-size: 14px font-family: 宋体" 基于 span Loriaux 2013 /span 算法的 span Fm’ /span 校正协议使用多相饱和光闪技术,利用最小二乘线性回归分析,推导出无限强的饱和光闪条件下的 span Fm /span ’值,用于校正 span Y(II) /span 和 span ETR /span 的计算。 使用较低强度的饱和光闪,准确测量 span Fm /span ’,这种技术不会损伤植物,也不需要完全关闭所有反应中心。 /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" img style=" max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 600px height: 259px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/087ea026-8480-40ba-9e0d-d5d244453bcb.jpg" title=" 11.png" alt=" 11.png" width=" 600" height=" 259" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" / /span br/ /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" /span /p p style=" text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体" 多相饱和光闪校正 /span span Fm’ /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 原理图 /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px text-align:left" span span 2、& nbsp /span /span span LCproT /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 全自动便携式光合仪可以测量 /span span Pn /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 净光合速率、 /span span E /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 蒸腾速率、 /span span gs /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 气孔导度、 /span span Ci /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 胞间 /span span CO sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 浓度,全彩色触摸屏设计。 /span span /span /p p style=" text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体" 特点: /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px text-align:left" span style=" font-family:Wingdings" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 可以控制叶片生长的微环境(光照、温度、 /span span CO sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 浓度和相对湿度)。 /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px text-align:left" span style=" font-family:Wingdings" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 配置红绿蓝 /span span LED /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 光源,测量不同光质对植物光合作用的影响; /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px text-align:left" span style=" font-family:Wingdings" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 内置 /span span GPS /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 模块,可记录采样点位置和高程信息; /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" /span /p p br/ /p p img style=" width: 400px height: 257px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/fcafc9dc-05d1-4a2d-aa87-844bc88aa591.jpg" title=" 12.png" width=" 400" height=" 257" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" alt=" 12.png" / /p p span style=" font-size: 12px " LCproT /span span style=" font-size: 12px font-family: 宋体 " 全自动便携式光合仪 /span /p p span style=" font-size: 12px font-family: 宋体 " img style=" max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 400px height: 220px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/1bbabd8a-6c86-4fc5-9d20-74bb59ec31bc.jpg" title=" 13.png" alt=" 13.png" width=" 400" height=" 220" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" / /span /p p span GPS /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 位置和高程数据 /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px vertical-align:baseline" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" /span /p p style=" margin-left:24px text-align:left" span span 3、& nbsp /span /span span iFL /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 光合荧光复合测量系统,是一款可以同时测量植物光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的仪器。 /span /p p style=" text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体" 特点: /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px text-align:left" span style=" font-family:Wingdings" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 可以精确测量叶片的实际光吸收率; /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px text-align:left" span style=" font-family:Wingdings" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 直接得出 /span span gm /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 叶肉导度、 /span span Cc /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 羧化位点 /span span CO2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 浓度、 /span span Rd /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 光下呼吸; /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px text-align:left" span style=" font-family:Wingdings" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp /span /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 在白光化光源下测量 /span span qM /span span style=" font-family:宋体" 叶绿素体迁移; /span /p p style=" margin-left:28px text-align:left" span style=" font-family:Wingdings" span ? span style=" font:9px & #39 Times New Roman& #39 " & nbsp span style=" font-size:14px font-family:宋体" 内置的 /span span style=" font-size:14px font-family:& #39 Times New Roman& #39 ,& #39 serif& #39 " Fm’ /span span style=" font-size:14px font-family:宋体" 校正协议, /span span style=" font-size: 14px font-family: 宋体" 校正 span Y(II) /span 和 span ETR /span 的计算。 /span /span /span /span /p p span style=" position: absolute z-index:251663360 left:0px margin-left:55px margin-top:316px width:255px height:36px" /span /p p img style=" max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 400px height: 393px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/4a2b520f-83d1-4418-bce5-f4b7d64959f3.jpg" title=" 14.png" alt=" 14.png" width=" 400" height=" 393" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" / /p p span style=" font-family: 宋体 font-size: 12px " iFL /span span style=" font-family: 宋体 font-size: 12px " 光合荧光复合测量系统 /span /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" img style=" max-width: 100% max-height: 100% width: 400px height: 241px " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202009/uepic/13418810-bbc1-4813-ab13-97b0ee28f24c.jpg" title=" 15.png" alt=" 15.png" width=" 400" height=" 241" border=" 0" vspace=" 0" / /span /p p span style=" font-size:12px" Cc /span span style=" font-size:12px font-family:宋体" 羧化位点 /span span style=" font-size:12px" CO sub 2 /sub /span span style=" font-size:12px font-family:宋体" 浓度和 /span span style=" font-size:12px" gm /span span style=" font-size:12px font-family:宋体" 叶肉导度测 /span span style=" font-size:12px font-family:宋体" 量结果 /span /p p br/ /p p br/ /p