盘点全球生物安全顶级实验室
近日埃博拉疫情的日益严峻,美国疾控中心和世界卫生组织都将埃博拉疫情响应升至最高级别,这也使媒体对埃博拉病毒关注的目光,转向研究埃博拉病毒的利器、也几乎是必备神器¾ 生物安全4级实验室,生物安全实验室共分4级(Biosafety Level 1-4), 生物安全4级实验室又常被称为P4实验室,这个P可不是个屁,是指Pathogen(病原) or Protection(保护)。说生物安全4级实验室是生物安全顶级实验室,不仅仅是指生物安全方面是顶级的,最高的,其造价也是最贵的,因此,数量很少,即使是在全球范围内,生物安全4级实验室也只有56个,这还包括一些正在建设中的(参见下表)。 序号 名 字 位 置 建设时间 说 明 1 Virology Laboratory of the Queensland Department of Health Australia, Queensland, Coopers Plains 2 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) Osong, Cheongwon county, North Chungcheong province, South Korea 2013 3 University of Queensland - Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre (SASVRC) Royal Women' s Hospital Brisbane P3 (BL3) Australia, Queensland, Herston 4 Australian Animal Health Laboratory Australia, Victoria, Geelong 5 National High Security Laboratory Australia, Victoria, North Melbourne National High Security Laboratory Operates under the auspice of the Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory. 6 Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Belarus, Minsk Department of Molecular Epidemiology & Innovational Biotechnologies 7 National Microbiology Laboratory Canada, Manitoba, Winnipeg Located at the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, it is jointly operated by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 8 Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences China, Hubei, Wuhan 2003 Wuhan Institute of Virology already hosts a BSL-3 laboratory. A distinct BSL-4 facility is currently being built based on P4 standards, the original technology for confinement developed by France. It will be the first at level 4 in China, under the direction of Shi Zhengli. 9 Biological Defense Center Czech Republic, Pardubice, Těchoní n 1971, rebuilt 2003-2007 Located at the Centrum biologické ochrany (Biological Defense Center)[13] 10 Laboratoire P4 Jean Mé rieux France, Rhô ne-Alpes, Lyon ###### Jean Mé rieux laboratory is a co-operation between the Pasteur Institute and INSERM. Note that in France, it is P4 for Pathogen or Protection level 4. 11 Centre International de Recherches Mé dicales de Franceville Gabon This facility is operated by a research organization supported by both Gabonese (mainly) and French governments, and is West Africa' s only P4 lab (BSL-4). 12 Robert Koch Institute Germany, Berlin The facility was licenced for construction by City of Berlin on November 30, 2008. 13 Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Germany, Hamburg 14 Friedrich Loeffler Institute on the Isle of Riems Germany, Isle of Riems (Greifswald) 2010 Deals especially with virology 15 Philipps University of Marburg Germany, Marburg 2008 The facility is licenced to work with genetically modified organisms 16 High Security Animal Disease Laboratory (HSADL) India, Bhopal 1998 This facility deals especially to zoonotic organisms and emerging infectious disease threats. 17 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology India, Hyderabad 2009 National Bio-Safety Level-4 Containment Facility for Human Infectious Diseases & Clinical Research Facility in Regenerative Medicine. 18 All India Institute of Medical Sciences India, New Delhi 1993 Conducts studies on major pathogenic organisms. Has contributed in discovering new strains & vaccines. 19 Microbial Containment Complex India, Pune 2012 Bio-Safety Level-IV Laboratory established by ICMR with support from Department of Science & Technology 20 Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Luigi Sacco Italy, Lombardy, Milan A university hospital in Polo Universitario it contains two special vehicles for transporting infectious persons. 21 Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Italy, Lazio, Rome This facility, (trans.) National Institute of Infectious Diseases, operates within the Lazzaro Spallanzani Hospital. 22 National Institute for Infectious Diseases Japan, Tokyo, Musashimurayama Located at National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology I this lab has the potential of operating as a BSL-4, however it is limited to perform work on onlyBSL-3 agents due to opposition from local residents and communities. 23 Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Japan, Ibaraki, Tsukuba This is a non-operating BSL-4 facility. 24 Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Netherlands, Bilthoven 2009 25 Cantacuzino Microbiological Research Institute (INCDMI) Romania, Bucharest 26 "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Military Hospital Romania, Bucharest 27 State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR Russia, Novosibirsk Oblast, Koltsovo It is one of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox. The other Russian BSL-4 facilities have been dismantled. 28 National Institute for Communicable Diseases South Africa, Johannesburg National Institute for Communicable Diseases of Special Pathogens Unit is one of only two BSL-4 facilities in Africa but the only suit laboratory on the continent. 29 Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control Sweden, Solna Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control is Scandinavia' s P4 facility. 30 University Hospital of Geneva Switzerland 31 Spiez Laboratory Switzerland, Spiez 32 Kwen-yang Laboratory (昆陽實驗室) Center of Disease Control Taiwan Part of the Department of Health, Taiwan. 33 Preventive Medical Institute of ROC Ministry of National Defense Taiwan 34 Health Protection Agency' s Centre for Infections United Kingdom, ColindaleLocated in the Viral Zoonosis unit. 35 National Institute for Medical Research United Kingdom, London 36 Institute for Animal Health United Kingdom, Pirbright 37 Institute for Animal Health Compton LaboratoryUnited Kingdom, Compton 38 Defence Science and Technology Laboratory United Kingdom, Porton Down 39 Health Protection Agency United Kingdom, Porton Down Special Pathogens Reference Unit. 40 Health Protection Agency United Kingdom, Porton Down Botulism. 41 Francis Crick Institute[22] United Kingdom, London Under construction. The UKCMRI will not work on Human Hazard Group 4 agents. 42 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention United States, Georgia, Atlanta Currently operates in two buildings. One of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox. 43 Georgia State University United States, Georgia, Atlanta Is an older design "glovebox" facility. 44 National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), Kansas State University United States, Kansas, Manhattan Under construction. Facility to be operated by the Department of Homeland Security, and replace the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (which is not a BSL-4 facility). Planned to be operational by 2015, but likely delayed. 45 National Institutes of Health (NIH) United States, Maryland, Bethesda Located on the NIH Campus, it currently only operates with BSL-3 agents. 46 Integrated Research Facility United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick Under construction. This facility will be operated by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), it is planned to begin operating at 2009 at the earliest. 47 National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC) United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick Under construction, it will be operated for the Department of Homeland Security. 48 US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick 1969 Old building 49 US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick 2017? New building, currently under construction 50 National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory (NEIDL), Boston University United States, Massachusetts, Boston Under construction by Boston University, building and staff training complete, waiting for regulatory approval. 51 NIAID Rocky Mountain Laboratories United States, Montana, Hamilton National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 52 Kent State University, Kent Campus United States, Ohio, Kent Operates as a clean lab at level 3 for training purposes. Scheduled for conversion to a hot level 4 lab in response to a bioterrorism event in the USA. 53 Galveston National Laboratory, National Biocontainment Facility United States, Texas, Galveston Opened in 2008, facility is operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch.[23] 54 Shope Laboratory United States, Texas, Galveston Operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). 55 Texas Biomedical Research Institute United States, Texas, San Antonio The only privately owned BSL-4 lab in the US. 56 Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services