专题约稿|国内车内空气质量管控现状、趋势及应对措施
p 一直以来,信测作为国内领先的第三方检测机构,在汽车VOC检测、汽车VOC超标整改方面有着丰富的检测经验,在关注产业前沿信息的同时,现在对大家最关心的几个问题,进行一一解答。 /p p 强制标准GB27630-201X何时发布?新标准对比征求意见稿有哪些变化?去年年底发布的国六中加入车内空气质量要求在释放哪些信号?国家接下来会如何对主机厂进行管控?目前国内市场上汽车车内空气质量如何?目前主机厂的应对方式?作为内饰件零部件及材料的供应商,又该如何提前应对? /p p span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 强制标准GB 27630-201X发布时间及主要变化 /strong /span /p p 环保部2016年1月22日发布GB 27630-201X《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》征求意见稿,该标准将替代GB/T 27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》,修订后仍然仅适用于新生产车辆,但将由推荐性国家标准变为强制性国家标准,并对相应条款进行修改,对部分污染物限值进行了调整。 /p p 其中征求意见稿中标准规定,自2017年1月1日起,所有新定型销售车辆必须满足本标准要求。本标准发布前已经定型车辆,自2018年7月1日起实施本标准要求。 /p p 2016年2月25日,《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》(GB/T 27630-2011)征求意见稿意见反馈汇总收录完毕。但2017年1月1日的期限已过,新强制标准却未能实施,据参加此次论坛的标准修订主要负责人介绍,标准延期发布的主要原因有二点:一是大气环境日益受到重视,去年专门成立了大气环境管理司,标准发布及管理工作由原先的标准科技司移交到大气环境管理司机动车处,评审过程及如何管理都变的更加严格 二是对征求意见稿的核心内容做了一定修改,八项污染物主要表现在适当放宽了苯的限值,另外引入车内空气质量等级概念,新标准会按照测试结果对车内空气质量分为ABC等级,且会进行信息公开,将评价等级体现在提车单中的环保单上,并会在政府部门相关网站上进行公开,另外新标准还会将总挥发性有机物(TVOC)纳入管控,小组还在做TVOC的最后评估。 /p p strong span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " 有望于2020年7月1日正式实施 /span /strong /p p 关于强制标准的实施日期,相关负责人介绍,评审完成后即可发布,预计是2017年年内,实施日期应该会和国六保持一致,于2020年7月1日正式实施,但是部分地区已经开始国六的试点实施,车内空气质量的强标也会在试点地区同步实施。 /p p strong span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " 国六中加入车内空气质量要求在释放哪些信号 /span /strong /p p 2016年12月23日,环境保护部和国家质检总局联合发布《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)》,(GB18352.6-2016,简称国六),并于2020年7月1日正式实施,在国六标准的第五部分(型式检验)和第七部分(生产一致性)的要求中明确规定所有M1类车均应符合《乘用车空气质量评价指南》(GB/T 27630-2011)的要求及生产一致性检查。 /p p strong span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " 车内空气质量的重要性不言而喻 /span /strong /p p 会议上,国六标准编制负责人明确指出,车内空气质量和尾气排放、油耗等指标一样重要,都会进行信息公开,新车提车单中会将车内空气质量等级加入至环保单中。 /p p 强标国六发布稿中加入车内空气质量要求,预示着车内环境及车内空气质量已经开始升级管理,重要性及必要性已不言而喻 另外,车内空气质量的型式试验和生产一致性检测使得标准管控力度明显加大,也必然会促使《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》更快完善及发布,主机厂会更加重视车内空气质量。 /p p strong span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " 目前市场上乘用车空气质量 /span /strong /p p 针对目前市场上乘用车空气,主要从二个方面来进行考评:一是车内空气质量是否可以满足强标GB 27630和国六的要求 二是车内空气气味是否可以进行改善,满足消费者的要求。 /p p 中国生态汽车评价规程(C-ECAP)从2016年9月起,已由自愿申报变为抽检为主,C-ECAP就包括车内空气质量这一项,2014年至2016年间,包括包括大众凌渡、斯柯达明锐、雪佛兰科鲁兹、本田锋范、广汽传祺GS4、一汽大众高尔夫、雪铁龙C4世嘉、一汽丰田卡罗拉、东风本田哥瑞、东风标致308S、现代领动、日产轩逸、吉利新帝豪、长城哈弗H6、宝骏310等数百款车型进行了C-ECAP评价,车内空气质量测试结果如下表1所示。 /p p 从表1中可以看出,2014年至2016年三年时间内,以GB/T27630-2011作为判定依据,整车达标率约增长22%,但是2016年的车内空气达标率依旧只有67.3%,若以即将实施的强标GB 27630-201X作为判定依据,达标率为82.4%,主机厂车内空气达标仍存在较大压力,车内空气质量改善任重而道远。 /p p style=" text-align: center " strong 表1. 国内数百款车型车内八项挥发性有机物达标情况 /strong /p p style=" text-align: center " img title=" 1.png" src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201711/noimg/f35f312d-da0b-4cc9-8230-6b01f51768f0.jpg" / /p p 另外,据权威机构J.D.Power调查数据显示,中国汽车市场消费者最关注的十个问题如下表2所示,结果表明,车内气味成为中国汽车消费者最关注的问题,而车内气味又属于车内空气质量的一部分,消费者的主观评价会给市场形成明显的导向作用,这也会迫使主机厂改良车内气味,控制零部件及材料的气味。 /p p style=" text-align: center " strong 表2. 中国汽车消费者最关注的排名前十的问题 /strong /p table class=" xhe-border" cellspacing=" 0" cellpadding=" 0" tbody style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " class=" firstRow" td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: solid none border-color: rgb(128, 100, 162) rgb(221, 221, 221) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 问题描述 /span /strong /span /p /td td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: solid none border-color: rgb(128, 100, 162) rgb(221, 221, 221) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 新车百车故障数(PPH) /span /strong /span /p /td td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: solid none border-color: rgb(128, 100, 162) rgb(221, 221, 221) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 投诉排名 /span /strong /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 车内有令人不愉悦的气味 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 16.0 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 1 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor word-break: break-all " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 噪声过大 /span /p p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " (来自车身下面) /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 5.9 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 油耗量过大 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 5.5 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 3 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor word-break: break-all " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 风噪音过大 /span /p p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " (来自车身周围) /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 4.5 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 4 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 空调开启后,发动机没力 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2.7 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 5 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 座椅材质易磨损、变脏 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2.6 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 6 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 发动机异响 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2.5 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 7 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 刹车有噪音 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2.4 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 8 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 前大灯不够明亮 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2.3 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 9 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: none none solid border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(128, 100, 162) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 座椅异响 /span /p /td td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: none none solid border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(128, 100, 162) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2.3 /span /p /td td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: none none solid border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(128, 100, 162) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 189" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 10 /span /p /td /tr /tbody /table p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 18.4px clear: both font-family: & quot Helvetica Neue& quot , Helvetica, & quot Hiragino Sans GB& quot , & quot Microsoft YaHei& quot , Arial, sans-serif font-size: 16px " 有部分主机厂已经开始研究正向应对车内空气质量,开发设计低散发性低气味的内饰材料,但毕竟是处于研发阶段,成本及周期都会较长。目前主机厂主要应对方式是从上至下,从整车车内空气-零部件-材料, 涉及的方法主要如下表3所示。 /p p style=" text-align: center " strong 表3. 各主机厂管控零部件及材料VOC主要方法一览 /strong /p table class=" xhe-border" cellspacing=" 0" cellpadding=" 0" tbody style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " class=" firstRow" td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: solid none border-color: rgb(128, 100, 162) rgb(221, 221, 221) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " colspan=" 2" height=" 30" width=" 114" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 编号 /span /strong /span /p /td td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: solid none border-color: rgb(128, 100, 162) rgb(221, 221, 221) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 142" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 16.1px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif font-size: 14px " 测试项目 /span /strong /span /p /td td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: solid none border-color: rgb(128, 100, 162) rgb(221, 221, 221) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 291" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 16.1px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif font-size: 14px " 典型标准 /span /strong /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor word-break: break-all " colspan=" 2" height=" 30" width=" 114" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 整车 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 142" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 车内空气 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 291" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " HJ/T 400-2007(GB & nbsp 27630-201X)、ISO 12219-1、PV3938 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: none none solid border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(128, 100, 162) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " rowspan=" 7" height=" 30" width=" 5" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 零 /span /p p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 部 /span /p p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 件 /span /p p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 及 /span /p p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 材 /span /p p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 料 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 93" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 1 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 142" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 气味 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 291" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " VDA 270、GMW 3205、PV 3900 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 62" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 2 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 178" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 甲醛 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 291" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " VDA 275、GMW 15635、PV 3925 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 62" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 3 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 178" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 冷凝组分-重量法、光泽度法、雾度法 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 291" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " DIN 75201A、TSM 0503G、PV 3015 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) border-width: 1px border-style: none none solid border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(128, 100, 162) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " rowspan=" 4" height=" 30" width=" 62" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 4 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 178" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " a style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " href=" javascript:void(0) " name=" OLE_LINK7" target=" " /a 挥发性有机物 span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 16.1px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif font-size: 14px " - /span span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 热脱附法 /span /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 291" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " DPCA D40 0002、VDA 278、GMW 15634 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 135" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 挥发性有机物(总碳)-材料顶空法 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 327" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " PV 3341、VDA 277、 GMW 8081 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 135" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 挥发性有机物-袋子法 /span /p /td td style=" background: rgb(223, 216, 232) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px border: currentColor " height=" 30" width=" 327" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " TSM 0508G、ISO 12219-2 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px height: 30px " td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: none none solid border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(128, 100, 162) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 135" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " 有机物释放-箱式法 /span /p /td td style=" border-width: 1px border-style: none none solid border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(128, 100, 162) margin: 0px padding: 0px 7px " height=" 30" width=" 327" p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px text-align: center line-height: 18.4px clear: both " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px line-height: 13.8px font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif " ISO 12219-4、VDA 276、GS 97014-3 /span /p /td /tr /tbody /table p 从表3中可以看到,各主机厂管控零部件及材料VOC主要方法有气味、甲醛、冷凝组分和4种挥发性有机物方法。 /p p span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 国家零部件测试VOC标准即将发布 /strong /span /p p 据悉,2015年国家标准委就已经下发车内非金属部件挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质检测方法标准修订计划,该标准主要是针对乘用车乘员舱及行李舱内的非金属零部件及材料,环境条件、采样方法、分析方法、检测物质会与GB 27630-201X紧密联系起来,该标准目前处于讨论定稿阶段,预计会在2018年进行发布。这会使得零部件及材料的VOC检测方法有国家标准可依,会在一定程度上减少不同主机厂之间的管控差异。 /p p 针对即将实施的车内空气质量强制标准GB 27630-201X管控的9项物质,目前主要可分为三类,一是以大众、宝马、奔驰及其合资主机厂为代表的1m3箱式法,二是以国内自主品牌、丰田、本田、日产、现代及其合资主机厂为代表的袋子法,三是北汽自主研发的2m3仓式法。这三类零部件及材料VOC管控标准主要是依据车内空气质量强制标准GB 27630-201X管控的8项物质限值,结合零部件及材料在车舱内的贡献率而制定的相关标准。 /p p strong span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " 内饰零部件及材料供应商该如何应对 /span /strong /p p strong VOC超标整改思路 /strong /p p 作为内饰零部件及材料的供应商,依据各主机厂相关零部件VOC和气味标准,在测试出现不合格的情况下,主要按照图1思路进行逐步分解,先测试材料VOC和气味,结合材料的贡献率判定材料是否满足要求,再进一步分解至原材料,通过分析仪器和气味评价定位不合格的原材料,优化加工工艺,替换或改良原材料以彻底解决问题。 /p p style=" text-align: center " img style=" width: 500px height: 272px " title=" 2.jpg" src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201711/noimg/2f2bdce9-64a3-4ec5-aabc-5d8cf3d97451.jpg" hspace=" 0" height=" 272" width=" 500" vspace=" 0" border=" 0" / /p p strong 高风险材料 /strong /p p 信测标准实验室拥有多年零部件及材料VOC检测经验,线束、前排座椅、仪表板、后排座椅、空调、密封条、尾门密封条、门板、前围隔音垫、顶棚、地毯、门槛属于对整车车内空气贡献率较高的高风险零部件,对同一个零部件,不同选材之间的风险程度也不一样,具体如表4所示,如座椅面料,真皮材料醛酮类易超标,仿皮面料苯系物易超标。 /p p style=" text-align: center " strong 表4. 同一类型不同材料总成风险比较表 /strong /p p style=" text-align: center " img title=" 3.png" src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201711/noimg/1a01f487-1cb6-45d1-b624-78490f545669.jpg" / /p p 供稿单位: a href=" http://www.woyaoce.cn/member/T128959" strong span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51) " 深圳信测标准技术服务股份有限公司 /span /strong /a /p