药点笔记 | 一次性生产组件标准化的可提取物研究方法
p style=" text-align:center line-height:50px" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 药点笔记 /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" | /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 一次性生产组件标准化的可提取物研究方法 /span /strong strong /strong /p p style=" text-align:left" span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/81ab8e72-9dc6-48a3-85fc-5f0cd138a2d2.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080638696952.jpg" title=" image001.jpg" / br/ /span strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 药点笔记 /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" | /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 一次性生产组件标准化的可提取物研究方法 /span /strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ & nbsp /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" i span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#A0A0A0" “ /span /i i span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#A0A0A0" 如果一项决定没有强有力的科学依据, /span /i strong i span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 赛多利斯 /span /i /strong i span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#A0A0A0" 将通过科学研究来支持该依据 /span /i i span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#A0A0A0" ” /span /i span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ br/ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#A0A0A0" 作者 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#A0A0A0" |& nbsp Hovery Yin /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#A0A0A0" 、 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#A0A0A0" Elin Sun br/ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#A0A0A0" 编辑 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#A0A0A0" | Johnson& nbsp Wang /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#A0A0A0" 、 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#A0A0A0" Hester Pan /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ br/ & nbsp /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2020 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 年 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 6 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 月 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 日,国家药监局药品评审中心发布了《化学药品注射剂生产所用的塑料组件系统相容性研究技术指南(征求意见稿)》,阐述一种基于科学和风险的研究思路来开展注射剂生产过程中使用的塑料组件系统的相容性研究。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 赛多利斯作为一家引领了可提取物科学 sup ( /sup /span sup span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2?10 /span /sup sup span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:#565656" ) /span /sup span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 并持续 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 20 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 多年为我们的产品发布可提取物数据的供应商,在多年的研究中发展,完善并建立了能够充分满足各个药品监管机构标准的内部方法来对一次性组件进行可提取物分析,用可提取物数据和服务来支持生物制药客户实施一次性产品。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 为了定义我们的研究方法,我们需要询问和回答几个与研究目的、提取溶液、提取条件和分析方法有关的问题。其他考虑因素包括要提取的批次数量、报告限的定义和第三方组件。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:black" “ /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 如果一项决定没有强有力的科学依据,赛多利斯将通过科学研究来支持该依据。 /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:black" ” /span /strong /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 各种可提取物方法的所有差异都源于一项研究的既定目的以及由此产生的数据的后续使用。例如,考虑讨论哪些特定的提取液应用于可提取物研究: /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/35b728c6-4035-4bb1-aaf8-02c541e73e11.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080638943968.jpg" title=" image002.jpg" / /span br/ & nbsp /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" i span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 如果某个版本的维恩图没有显示浸出物是可提取物的子集,则可提取物和浸出物的介绍将不完整。在图 /span /i i span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 1 /span /i i span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 中,我们包含了一个针对工艺相关可提取物的中间类别。我们确定内部方法时,我们认为维恩图的最大部分应由供应商负责。 /span /i /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" i span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 我们需要定义表征研究组件的潜在可提取物的范围,并在材料选择、早期毒理学风险评估和变更控制方面提供帮助。这个意图驱动了我们整个方法的定义。 /span /i span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ br/ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 如果目的是生成数据以模拟生物工艺条件,那么实际的溶液(例如缓冲液)可能是正确的提取液。然而,如果一项研究的目的是对组件进行化学表征,那么更具侵蚀性、提取能力更高的溶液可能更为合适。在确定新的可提取物方法的过程中,这个逻辑驱动了许多决策。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ br/ & nbsp /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 1. /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 一次性组件的风险评估与分类 /span /strong /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 赛多利斯对可能留在工艺流体中并最终转移到活性药物成分( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" API /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )的化合物的提取进行了风险评估。该评估是根据 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" Merseburger /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 等人发表的行业和权威观点进行的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (11, 12) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。确定了风险因素,如温度、表面积与体积的比值、接触时间、与靠近患者的因素等,因为它们影响生物制药工艺中一次性组件的可提取物浓度。同时考虑了可能稀释、浓缩或去除工艺流中浸出物的所有纯化步骤。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 提取溶剂的影响不属于本风险评估的一部分。可提取物研究的目的是寻求全面的信息。因此,赛多利斯对适当溶剂的选择进行了深入的研究 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (4) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/992b3d42-f595-48d2-a3bc-94e30a51b72e.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639044648.jpg" title=" image003.jpg" / /span /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 为了确定每个因素的风险值(表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background:white" 1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" ),我们考虑在整个生物制程中使用一个一次性组件。通过将每个风险值乘以 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" 1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 、 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" 5 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 或 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" 10 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 来计算每个一次性组件的风险分数。最后,将风险分为三类:低风险( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" L /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" )、中等风险( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" M /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" )和高风险( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" H /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" )(表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" )。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/1480ef4d-a675-4645-993f-0a7a0873b8c2.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639067596.jpg" title=" image004.jpg" / /span /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:#4F6B72" 对工艺应用中的一次性组件确定了不同的风险分类(表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" )。为可提取物研究设置参数时考虑了这些风险等级。根据风险评估,确定了以下提取时间: /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" ●& nbsp /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 对于低风险和中等风险的一次性组件,除菌级过滤器和无菌连接器使用一次较短的接触时间( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 1 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 天、 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 7 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 天或 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 21 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 天)。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" ● /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 对于高风险一次性组件,储存袋和管道有两个长期接触的时间点( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 21 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 或 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 70 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#4F6B72" 天)。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:black" 2. /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 提取液 /span /strong /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 其目标是确定最少种类的提取溶液,产生全面的数量和质量的可提取物,能够在不溶解组件的基础聚合物,同时对给定一次性组件的预期用途的情况下。尽管赛多利斯已经为不同的目的进行了数千项研究,但没有单一项研究试图确定最少提取液种类,以确定在生物制药工艺使用条件下潜在可提取物的范围。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 对于可提取物研究, /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" Dorey /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 等人 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (6) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 选择纯乙醇和纯水,在 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 40° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 下不溶解聚合物。纯乙醇显示出很强的提取能力,这是材料表征所必需的;而纯水对亲水性化合物显示出良好的提取能力,可应用于各种分析方法。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 1 M /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 氢氧化钠和 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 1 M /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 盐酸可增加小分子靶向有机化学品的极性,提高其溶解度和其可检测性。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/343daa16-82fb-44ca-8ddf-207416d35824.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639163992.jpg" title=" image005.jpg" / /span br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/425e8943-3a68-4473-8d9a-3f38f4e2cf24.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639176816.jpg" title=" image006.jpg" / img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/9f8e73e6-db29-4030-a0a9-55e8526ba109.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639188252.jpg" title=" image007.jpg" / /span /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 与原料生产过程中使用的酸性和碱性溶液(如缓冲液)相比,所选择的提取溶液被认为是最坏的情况,它们还能够覆盖浓酸性和碱性溶液的储存应用。选择了这组溶剂,就可以从生物制程应用中的各种一次性组件中提取所有潜在的可提取物。因为在实际应用中,灌装针头通常只接触中性 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" pH /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 值的溶液,所以只用纯水和纯乙醇进行测试。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/4b8fdb8d-85b5-41bf-8ede-ccd8c52c952f.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639202440.jpg" title=" image008.jpg" / /span /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ /span strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:black" 3. /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 提取条件 /span /strong /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 我们研究的目的要求明显超出实际使用条件及在实验室研究中仍然可行的提取条件。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 表面积 /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:black" / /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 体积比( /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:black" SA/V /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" ) /span /strong span style=" font-family: & #39 & amp color:#565656" : USP & lt 661& gt /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 要求每毫升提取液中待提取组件的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 6 cm2/mL(13) /span span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:#565656" 。尽管这一比率的设定依据没有记录在案,但它确实明显夸大了实际应用中的预期 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" ,并且已证明接近实验室环境中可行的最大 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。对于过滤器,接受的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 1cm /span sup span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" 2 /span /sup span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" /mL, /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 这也被夸大了,但实际可行 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (14) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 因此,对于过滤器、切向流装置和膜吸附器,我们将 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 确定为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 1 cm sup 2 /sup /mL /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" ,对于所有其他组件, /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 确定为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 6 cm sup 2 /sup /mL /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。我们要强调的是, /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 比对可提取物浓度的影响取决于接触时间和给定化合物的物理性质 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (15) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。在不超过 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 7 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 天的短期提取过程中,可提取化合物的释放受聚合物内扩散的控制(图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 和图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 因此,对于短期提取,可提取物的浓度将由 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 的比率控制。对于长期接触提取,平衡浓度不再受扩散控制,而是受聚合物与溶剂的分配控制。在分配系数较大( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" Kp/l /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )的化合物中,浓度与 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 比无关 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (15) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/918f986c-3118-4653-aa71-ffec5eb16f81.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639273280.jpg" title=" image009.jpg" / /span /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ & nbsp /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 提取温度 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :提取温度应允许在不损害组件物理和化学完整性的情况下全面提取化合物。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 第一个基本原理 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :选择的温度是加速提取的温度 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (17, 18) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 第二个基本原理 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :最坏情况下的温度由组件的最高工作温度确定,而不影响其完整性 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (18) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:#565656" 提取温度低(例如 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 23° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )导致可提取物浓度低(低至无法测量)。相比之下,随着提取温度的升高(例如 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 60° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )和提取时间的延长(大于 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 70 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 天),大多数化合物的可提取物产量增加。在动力学研究中 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" —— /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 本文未给出的结果是基于对高效液相色谱紫外检测峰强度和气相色谱质谱( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" GC-MS /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )分析峰强度的定性评估 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" —— /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 结果表明,在少数情况下,浓度在长时间( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 70 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 天)内降低。具体而言,对储存袋(图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )和囊氏滤器(图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )的动力学研究表明,浓度明显依赖于温度和接触时间。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" GC-MS /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 数据(图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )表明,在 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 70 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 天的提取时间后,所有测试温度( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 23° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 、 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 40° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 和 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 60° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )下,所有检测化合物的浓度之和到平衡。采用气相色谱 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" - /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 质谱扫描法,检测和鉴定了广泛的化学物质。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:#565656" 在 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 60° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 下提取是不可行的,因为在提取过滤囊式过滤器时会发生泄漏。对于所有提取时间点,在 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 20° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 到 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 40° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 之间可以看到提取效率的有效加速因子约为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" (图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 和图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )。根据结果和我们的基本原理,提取温度设定为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 40° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 提取时间 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :接触时间是相关的,以确保组件材料与提取溶剂之间的相互作用,从而产生高提取物浓度进行分析 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (16, 17) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。通过对储存袋膜材料进行动力学研究(图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 和图 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" ),我们观察到延长接触时间可提高可提取物水平。了解每个组件的预期用途和预期的过程中接触时间,我们可以确定夸大实际使用时间的提取时间。此外,对于滤膜,动力学研究表明,在 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 40° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 下提取 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 21 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 天和 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" / /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 或 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 70 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 天可检测到大量可提取物(未显示详细数据)。大多数可提取物在 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 40° C /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 下大约 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 70 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 天后达到平衡浓度。表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 7 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 显示了每种组件类别的提取时间。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 试样制备 /span /strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" : /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 较高剂量的伽马辐射对可提取物含量的增加有已知的影响 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (19) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。根据 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" ISO 11137 (20) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" ,我们采用了 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 25 kGy /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 的最小剂量对一次性系统进行灭菌,典型的最大辐照剂量为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 45 kGy /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。因此,我们需要一个目标剂量来预处理 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 50kGy /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 提取的组件,并且我们在一次性组件的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" γ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 射线照射和提取开始后采用了最长 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 6 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 周的时间间隔。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 批数 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :下一个评估 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" —— /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 设置研究用物品的数量 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" —— /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 是评估不同过滤器和滤膜批(中间精密度)和一批内(重复性)可提取物结果的变异性。影响整个提取研究变异性的最重要参数是提取过程、样品制备和分析过程(包括分析方法)。如果所用分析方法的重复性优于提取研究中的批次间的重复性,则有可能在提取研究中检测到一次性组件之间的批次间变化。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" br/ span img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/68482f2c-274a-4671-adbc-c763c69af196.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639304676.jpg" title=" image010.jpg" / /span /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 在本研究中,使用高效液相色谱 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background:white" / /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 紫外光谱、气相色谱 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background:white" - /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 质谱和总有机碳( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background:white" TOC /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" )分析来测定批次间的变化。这些分析技术的重复性和中间精密度实验数据低于 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" 10% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" (表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" 3 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" )。然而,必须指出的是,对于某些用 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" GC-MS /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 分析的化合物,其中间精密度可达 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" 25% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656 background:white" 。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656 background: white" img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/103db15b-f0ee-4ce1-831f-8040289c09fe.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639337020.jpg" title=" image011.jpg" / /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ & nbsp /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:#565656" 例如, /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" Menzel /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 等人报道的三种常见可提取化合物的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" GC-MS /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 分析数据 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (5) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 表明重复性和中间精密度在同一水平上(十二烷分别为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 1.2% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 和 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 5.6% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" ),低于 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 10% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" (表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 4 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )。即使在单一化合物之间,一个批次内的重复性(十二烷为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 1.2% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" , /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2,4 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 二 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" - /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 叔丁基苯酚为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 6.5% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )也与中间精密度(十二烷为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 5.6% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" , /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 2,4- /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 二 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" - /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 叔丁基苯酚为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 7.7% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )处于同一水平。分析系统的重复性相当于过滤器的批次间变化。因此,分析方法不显示任何批次间变化。基于这些数据,在进行可提取物研究时,不需要对多个批次进行相关测试。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" TOC /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 和高效液相色谱 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" - /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 紫外检测结果也得出了同样的结论。重复性和中间精密度显示相同的水平。未检测到囊氏滤器的批次间变化。从这些数据中得出的结论是可提取物研究只需测试一批一次性组件。可将多个批次的提取物混合起来进行分析。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" & nbsp /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom:auto" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 提取条件和提取物的处理 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :通过浸泡或灌装一次性组件(袋或管)来提取一次性组件。刚性一次性组件,如过滤器和外壳,通过摇动彻底湿润,以降低一次性组件和溶剂之间的界面阻力,并使表面易于接触溶剂。只要有可能达到所需的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" SA/V /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 比,一次性组件就可无须分割整个使用。不执行切碎等操作。按照预期用途对组件进行处理:对于使用前可能经过辐照和高压灭菌的组件,提供每个预处理步骤的数据。按照说明书冲洗用于保存一次性组件的液体(如切向流盒、膜吸附器)。使用已清洁的设备进行提取。空白样品、样品制备和测量细节见 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" Menzel /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 等人的文章 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (5) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。关于根据实验室工作的基本原则处理提取物的其他建议可在文献中找到 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" span (17, 18, 21) /span /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" img src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/202008/uepic/93308a80-54f0-4669-87bf-d6d42f93dfd2.jpg" alt=" https://www.bio-equip.com/imgatl/2020/2020080639363796.jpg" title=" image012.jpg" / /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ /span strong span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:black" 4. /span /strong strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 分析方法 /span /strong /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 我们结合了最先进的分析技术,用于检测、鉴定和定量挥发性、半挥发性和非挥发性可提取物,包括元素。我们的分析方法如表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 5 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 所示。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 报告限的定义 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :美国药典第 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" & lt 1663& gt /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 章提到 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" “ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 表征是发现、鉴定和量化超过规定水平或阈值的提取物中存在的每个有机和无机化学实体。这些阈值可以基于患者安全考虑、材料考虑、分析技术能力等 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" ”(16) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。许多文献描述了用不同分析方法测定可提取化合物的检出限( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" LoD /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )和定量限( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" LoQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )的适用方法 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (22, 23) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" Jenke /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 等人报道了一次性组件中约 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 500 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 种不同的潜在可提取化合物 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" (24) /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 。由于所列可提取化合物的极性和挥发性的化学多样性,不能期望 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" LoD/LoQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 值在相同或甚至相似的水平上。美国药典第 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" & lt 1663& gt /span span style=" font-family: 宋体 color:#565656" 章讨论了定性可提取物评估,并建议至少有一种浓度为 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 5µ g/mL /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 的可提取化合物来进行结构确证。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 在可提取物研究中,扫描方法允许检测浓度范围为十亿分之几( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" ppb /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )到百万分之几( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" ppm /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )的潜在可提取化合物。为了能够稳健地报告可提取物结果(包括定性和定量),定义每种分析方法的报告限( /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" RL /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )是一个实用步骤。这些限值是主观定义的,对于单一化合物可以高于定量限,并且可以克服实验室间定量限的差异。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" RL /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 可以从特定分析技术的单个化合物的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" LoQ /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 数据中得到。这一概念允许报告来自不同实验室的可重复的可提取物信息。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 在研究中,从提取样品中检测到的所有峰,如果峰面积超过对照峰(空白)峰面积的 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 50% /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" ,则视为可提取化合物。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" RL /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 不是固定的,代表分析设备的性能(表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 6 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" )。进一步的改进和新的耐用的分析系统和技术可以导致较低的报告限。 /span /p p style=" margin-top:auto margin-bottom: auto text-align:left" strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:black" 赛多利斯的一次性组件提取方案 /span /strong span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" :表 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#565656" 7 /span span style=" font-family:宋体 color:#565656" 显示了应用于一次性组件的提取方案。赛多利斯在其标准、可配置和自定义一次性组装中使用了许多第三方组件,包括连接器和管道。为了向我们的客户提供我们的一次性系统的全面可提取物信息,我们实施了一个全面的计划,根据我们新的内部程序测试我们组件库的一个子集(包括此类第三方组件)。 /span span style=" font-family:& #39 & amp color:#4F6B72" br/ br/ /span span strong span style=" font-size: 12px font-family: 宋体 color: rgb(10, 44, 132) background: rgb(242, 242, 242) " 赛多利斯已经开发出一种可提取物研究的实用方法,以表征用于生物制药工艺的一次性组件的潜在可提取物。同时建立了一个测试程序,以评估提取过程中物理和化学参数的影响,并推导出不同一次性组件提取物研究设计的相关条件。通过采用标准化提取参数和最先进的分析方法对一次性组件进行的最差情况提取研究的结果,赛多利斯能够帮助您获得全面的定性和定量可提取物数据。 /span /strong /span /p br/ p span & nbsp /span /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" 查询原文 /span /p p span & nbsp /span /p p span Pahl I., Dorey S., Uettwiller I., Hoffmann Ch., Priebe P., Menzel R., & amp Hauk A. Development of a Standardized Extractables Approach for Single-Use Components -General Considerations and Practical Aspects. Bioprocess Int. 2018 16(10). /span /p p span & nbsp /span /p p span style=" font-family:宋体" 以上作者均来自赛多利斯 /span /p p span & nbsp /span /p p span & nbsp /span /p p span style=" font-family: 宋体 color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " 参考文献 /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " 1.Reif OW, Sö lkner P, Rupp J. Analysis and Evaluation of Filter Cartridge Extractables for Validation in Pharmaceutical Downstream Processing. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 50(6) 1996 399–410. /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " & nbsp /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " 2.Fichtner S, et al. Determination of “Extractables” on Polymer Materials by Means of HPLC-MS. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 60, 2006 291–301. /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " & nbsp /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " 3.Pahl I, et al. Analysis and Evaluation of Single-Use Bag Extractables for Validation in Biopharmaceutical Applications. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 68(5) 2014: 456–471 doi:10.5731/ pdajpst.2014.00996. /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " & nbsp /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " 4.Menzel R, et al. Comparative Extractables Study of Autoclavable Polyethersulfone Filter Cartridges for Sterile Filtration. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 72(3) 2018: 298–316 doi:10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008367. /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " & nbsp /span /p p span style=" color: rgb(127, 127, 127) " 5.Dorey S, et al. Theoretical and Practical Considerations When Selecting Solvents for Use in Extractables Studies of Polymeric Contact Materials in Single-Use Systems Applied in the Production of Biopharmaceuticals. Ind. Eng. Chem. 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