《电导率的测定资料》52pages

Reinhard Manns, Dr. Peter John, “Information on Conductivity measurement”, 3rd Edition JuMO GmbH Co. KG, Fulda, Germany | February 2004 | 52 Pages | PDF 685 Kb Conductivity measurement is an easly performed measurement tehnique for determining and monitoing the total salt concentration in water 1 Basics .......................................... 7 1.1 General ....................................... 7 1.2 Methods of measuring conductivity ............. 8 1.2.1 General ..................................... 8 1.2.2 The cell constant ........................... 10 1.2.3 AC voltage .................................. 11 1.2.4 Measurement principles ...................... 11 1.2.5 Inductive measuring cell .................... 14 2 Measurement ..................................... 15 2.1 Arrangement of a process installation ......... 15 2.1.1 Measuring cells ............................. 16 2.1.2 Fittings .................................... 16 2.1.3 Transmitter/controller ...................... 17 2.1.4 Instrumentation:cable material/connecting cable 19 2.2 Commissioning the measurement system .......... 19 2.2.1 Measurement location ........................ 19 2.2.2 Calibration/adjustment ...................... 19 2.2.3 Measurement conditions ...................... 21 2.2.4 Reference solutions ......................... 26 3 Quality assurance ............................... 27 3.1 Documentation ................................. 28 3.2 Maintenance ................................... 29 3.3 Problems / actions ............................ 32 3.4 Cleaning ...................................... 34 3.5 On-site test options .......................... 34 3.6 Storage of the measuring cell ................. 35 4 Applications .................................... 36 4.1 Wastewater treatment plants ................... 37 4.2 Galvanizing plants ............................ 37 4.3 Beverage bottling plants ...................... 38 4.4 Power stations ................................ 39 4.5 Pharmaceuticals ............................... 42 4.6 Full desalination plants ...................... 44 4.7 Concentration measurements .................... 45 5 Closing remarks ................................. 48 6 Legal aspects ................................... 49 7 Source information .............................. 50 8 Appendix ........................................ 51 8.1 Sample test certificate for the measuring cell ... 51 8.2 Sample calibration certificate for a transmitter . 52