自动血液取样活度计

一、产品介绍: 该系统适用于药物动力学血液放射活度实时测量研究（可配合于PET、SPECT、PET/MRI系统） Twilite 是由 Swisstrace 公司所研发设计的高灵敏度自动血液取样系统。此系统可与 PET 、SPECT、或 PET/MR 影像系统结合使用，无论是小至实验动物、大至其他更大的个体，均能够在线高分辨率采集血液活度实时变化数据。 Twilite 系统的核心是一个设计精巧的侦测头（探测器），由 LYSO 晶体与屏蔽外来辐射用的医疗级钨加工製成，因此完全与 MR 影像系统相容。闪烁信号透过两条可自订长度的高效率光导管传输至光子侦测单元。此设计的侦测头端完全没有任何电子零件，所以能够避免来自其他设备所造成的电磁干扰问题。此外，这样的设计也能够将人体研究实验的潜在风险最小化。 数据采集是使用 PMOD 公司所开发的 PSAMPLE 软件，藉由 TCP/IP 介面传输，允许同时记录多套 Swisstrace 系统的讯号，例如可同时使用 Twilite 系统与 Twin beta probe 系统。此外，尚有两个类比讯号输入孔可同时记录来自其他仪器的讯号，例如Laser Doppler Flowprobes、ECG 或来自辅助设备的触发讯号。 PMOD 软件的功能模块可对取得的放射活度信号进行离线处理分析。 此系统也脱离计算机独立工作。仪器前方的触摸式面板可直接进行操作，并即时显示测量数据。 Twilite 系统性能优越。除了拥有极佳的灵敏度外，即使在高辐射值的环境下，仍然呈现出稳定的线性度与信噪比。 Swisstrace 公司的开发人员在放射定量实验方面具有相当深厚的经验。系统设计乃针对 PET 系统（包含小动物与人）最佳化。侦测头精巧的尺寸尤其适合使用于小动物正子造影系统中，搭配动、静脉分流管（arterio-venous shunt）， Twilite 系统可测得全血的动脉输入函数（arterial input function, AIF）而不必将血液抽离体外。 二、仪器结构组成（1-9项为产品标配）： 图1 图2 图31、连接股动脉与股静脉的分流管 （自购）2、蠕动帮浦（Peristaltic Pump）（自购）3、Twilite 钨制探测器4、LYSO 晶体15、LYSO 晶体26、光导管：传输光子讯号至PMT。标准长度2 m，若需使用于MR 系统可延长至10 m7、光子侦测单元8、两个模拟讯号输入孔（可与其他品牌仪器配合使用，监控呼吸、ECG 或血压等）9、TCP/IP 传输接口：可透过因特网传输或直接与计算机连接，使用PMOD 软件PSAMPLE 模块进行数据采集10、安装PMOD 软件的计算机，进行数据采集与分析（自购）结构说明：动静脉分流管（小鼠用PE10，大鼠用PE50）可同时用于血压量测、药物注射及血液样本采集等其他功能，如图3所示。血液样本采集可用解剖刀在导管上划一个小口，在采集时间点将导管往缺口方向推，即可取得血液样本。●结构与曲线函数（如下图）左图为实验架构。血流以蠕动泵驱动，从股动脉流出体外，经过耦合讯号侦测头后，再由股静脉回到体内。t1与t2两个三向阀分别用来进行血液取样与药物注射。右图为Twilite 系统所测得的小鼠动脉输入曲线。 三、系统规格： 四、用户名单： 五、合作伙伴：PMOD Technologies Ltd. UnitectraZurich, Switzerland Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of Zurich CSEMZurich, Switzerland Neuch?tel, Switzerland 六、药物动力学实验论文(部分摘要)：Quantification of Brain Glucose Metabolism by 18F-FDG PETwith Real-Time Arterial and Image-Derived Input Function in MiceMalte F. Alf1,2, Matthias T. Wyss3,4, Alfred Buck3, Bruno Weber4, Roger Schibli1,5, and Stefanie D. Kr?mer11Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, PSI, and USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 3Department of Nuclear Medicine,University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland and 5Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, PSI, and USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, Villigen, SwitzerlaKinetic modeling of PET data derived from mouse modelsremains hampered by thetechnical inaccessibility of an accurateinput function (IF).In this work, we tested the feasibility of IF measurement with an arteriovenous shunt and a coincidencecounter in mice and compared the methodwith an imagederived IF (IDIF) obtained by ensemble-learning independent component analysis of the heart region. Methods: 18F-FDG brain kinetics were quantified in 2 mouse strains, CD1 and C57BL/6, using the standard 2-tissue-compartment model. Fits obtained with the 2 IFs were compared regarding their goodness of fit as assessed by the residuals, fit parameter SD, and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: On average, cerebral glucose metabolic rate was 10% higher for IDIF-based quantification.The precision of model parameter fitting was significantly higher using the shunt-based IF, rendering the quantification of single process rate constants feasible. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the arterial IF can be measured in mice with a femoral arteriovenous shunt. This technique resulted in higher precision for kinetic modeling parameters than did use of the IDIF. However,for longitudinal or high-throughput studies, the use of a minimally invasive IDIF based on ensemble-learning independent component analysis represents a suitable alternative.Key Words: energy metabolism PET molecular imaging glucose kinetic modelingJ Nucl Med 2013 54:1–7 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.107474 PET with 18F-FDG is a commonly used method to determine glucose metabolism in animal and human tissues (1). Full quantification of 18F-FDG kinetics can be achieved by applying a 2-tissue-compartment model (2). The model requires the time course of the 18F-FDG concentration in the target organ(tissue time–activity curve) and in arterial plasma (input function, IF). In human brain PET, the IF is commonly measured from a catheter placed in the radial artery. An alternative is derivation of the IF from PET images via values measured in a volume of interest placed over the cardiac ventricles or a large vessel. A prerequisite of image-derived IFs (IDIFs) is the location of the blood pool and the organ of interest in the same field of view. In general, one or more arterial blood samples are measured to calibrate the IDIF. In a recent review article for human PET(3), the authors concluded that arterial blood sampling remains the preferred method to define the IF, because invasiveness is hardly reduced by the use of an IDIF.In small animals, the small blood volume is the major constraint for manual blood sampling. This constraint prompted the development of several alternative methods, such as the sampling of very small volumes via a microfluidic chip (4) or the use of b-probes for measuring the blood radioactivity (5,6). Despite these new physical methods, the main research focus has been on developing the use of IDIFs, where blood radioactivity is estimated directly from the dynamic PET images. IDIF generation from simple analysis of blood pool volumes such as the liver or the heart ventricles is flawed by 18F-FDG uptake by the liver or spillover from surrounding myocardium, cardiac motion, and partial-volume effects. Compensation can be achieved to varying degrees by image processing methods such as factor analysis (7), modelbased techniques (8), independent component analysis (9), so-called hybrid IDIFs (e.g., 10,11), and cardiac gating combined with improved image reconstruction algorithms (12). Most of these methods rely on at least 1 measure from a blood sample for scaling of the IDIF.Hence, blood sampling is not entirely obviated. To our knowledge, there is currently no gold standard to define the real-time 18F-FDG arterial IF in mice in a reliable and easily accessible manner. In this study, we adapted a method for direct blood radioactivity measurements and an approach for the generation of IDIFs for use in mice. We acquired real-time blood radioactivity curves by means of a new coincidence counter in combination with an arteriovenous shunt and compared the findings to IDIFs generated from PET data of the cardiac region with an ensemblelearning independent component analysis (EL-ICA) algorithm (13).We used 2 different mouse strains to explore the possible strain dependency of our methods: C57BL/6 mice, because they are relevant for studies of genetically modified animals, and CD1 mice, because they are valuable as disease models,such as cerebral ischemia (14). The purpose of this work was 2-fold. First, we evaluated whether the arteriovenous-shunt/ counter technique, which was previously demonstrated in rats (15), is also feasible in mice. Second, we compared 18F-FDG kinetic parameters and fit precisions obtained with the experimental shunt IF and the IDIF.

DA-300W血液电子快速密度计是高精度的液体密度测量仪器，主要在科研院校、研究实验室、质检所……等机构或工业领域应用。适合密度研究、分析等领域。DA-300W血液电子快速密度计应用阿基米德原理，日本原装进口主机，测量精准、经久耐用、性能稳定、功能强大、操作简单、设计美观、做工精细、只需一个测量步骤即可显示密度值……特点。DA-300W血液电子快速密度计具有标准RS-232电脑接口，可以轻松连接打印机或计算机。DA-300W血液电子快速密度计是实用型的快速液体密度测试仪，精度为0.001g/cm3，采用独得的无记忆式动态测量法，无需按键，即瞬间显示密度值；可通过上下限的设定，自动判别密度合格与否，并警报提示；具有3组模式的密度测量功能，测不同液体时，可直接更换砝码无需重新设定；具有波美度测量功能；测量更精准、操作更快速、适合连续多次测试的场合。DA-300W血液电子快速密度计还适合测量：各种化工溶液、化工助剂、现化能源、石油燃料、精细化工、化学试剂、药剂、助剂、溶剂、粘合剂、油漆涂料、沥青、化工油类、饮用油类、食品添加剂、饮品饮料、动物尿液、动物血液…等领域。详细技术参数：1.密度解析：0.001 g/cm32.测量范围：0.001—99.999g/cm33.结果显示：密度值、波美度4.测量种类：a：流动性液体、粘稠性液体、挥发性液体、腐蚀性液体、高温液体、悬浮性液体、乳化液体…等 b：酒精、助焊剂、香精、血液、氯化钠、甘油、电解液、柴油、制冷剂、氢氟酸、二氯甲烷、乙醚、硫酸…等相似状态液体皆可测量主要特点：1、任何溶液皆可快速测量，不受限制。精度千分之一2、具有三组动态式的记忆测量法，测量快速、高效、精准，可实现多次连续的循环测试3、具有波美度测定功能，可直接显示波美度4、没有韦氏天平法、比重瓶法烦琐的调试与操作5、可测量常温至100℃温度状态下的样品密度6、取样方便，所测样品只需50CC，或定制更少取样装置7、配置一体成型不锈钢测量挂钩8、可配合恒温水槽作业、测量所需温度的液体比重9、测量杯容易清洗，不受比重瓶口径小的限制，可重复使用。同时也可使用一次性测量杯10、挥发性液体、腐蚀性液体、粘稠性液体、强酸强碱性液体皆可快速测量（可选相关配件）11、含RS-232C通信接口，方便连接PC与打印机，可选购DE-40打印机打印测量数据12、配置专用防风防尘罩，组合方便、坚固耐用功能特述：1、具有浓度的波美度显示功能2、具有判定密度的合格与否功能，并提示报警3、具有3组密度测量功能4、具有水温设定功能5、具有空气浮力补偿功能6、具有比重瓶法密度测量功能7、全自动零点跟踪、蜂鸣器报警、超载报警功能测量步骤：①将盛有样品的测量杯放于测量放置板上，扣除挂钩的重量。②用挂钩将标准砝码悬挂并完全浸没在待测液体中，显示密度值。标准附件：①主机、②测量放置板、③DE-20A标准液体测量组件、④镊子、⑤温度计、⑥100G砝码、⑦防风防尘罩、⑧测量支架、⑨电源变压器一个※DE-20A标准液体测量组件：含不锈钢挂钩二个、标准玻璃砝码一个、不锈钢砝码一个、测量杯二个选购附件：① DE-40打印机、② DE-20B防腐蚀性液体测量组件、③DE-20A标准液体测量组件编辑：lcl 15.6

液体密度测量，精准快速，高效之选！本系列产品是目前市场上最畅销的血液密度计，也是Daho Meter『达宏美拓』品牌经典款产品，优良品质，精准度始终如一；密度测量重复性与方便性领先业界。血液密度计应用行业：各种酸碱盐溶液、化学品、油类、石油、化妆品、油漆、涂料、油墨、香精、香料、化工溶液、化学试剂、树脂、胶粘剂、食用油、饮料、药剂、助剂、合成剂、金属加工、火电、电镀行业、建筑、化工贸易、大专院校、检测机构、政府部门、教学机构……等产业。血液密度计特点与优点：采用德国进口感应器，具有可靠的测量重复性性能优异，实用性强一个操作步骤即显示密度没有韦氏天平、比重瓶法烦琐的调试与操作强酸强碱，粘稠性，挥发性，悬浮液体，乳化液体，高温液体皆可快速测量任何溶液皆可测量易于安装与清洗各温度下的密度皆可测量防水机身薄膜，保护机身内部免渗水提供三年品质保障服务操作方法：在显示0.000状态下，将盛有样品的测量杯放于测量放置板上将标准砝码浸没在样品中并用挂钩悬挂于测量架中央，显示即为密度值，标示符号指向SG技术指标: 品牌DahoMeter 达宏美拓品名/型号液体密度计DH-300L液体密度计DE-120L密度精度0.001 g/cm30.0001 g/cm3密度范围0.001—99.999g/cm30.0001—99.9999g/cm3测量种类a：流动性液体、粘稠性液体、挥发性液体、腐蚀性液体、高温液体、悬浮性液体、乳化液体…等多种状态液体b：酒精、助焊剂、香精、血液、氯化钠、甘油、电解液、柴油、制冷剂、氢氟酸、硫酸…等相似状态液体皆可测量测量原理阿基米德原理测量模式1组测量时间即时测量记忆方式动态记忆结果显示密度值比重测量架304不锈钢比重测量架功能设定温度设定、溶液密度设定、标准测量砝码重量值与水中重量值的设定校正方式单键自动校正、自动检测之功能测量结果验正方式蒸馏水验正输出方式RS-232C标准通信接口、方便测试数据输出与打印标准附件①主机、②测量放置板、③DE-20A标准液体测量组件、④镊子、⑤温度计、⑥100G砝码、⑦防风防尘罩、⑧测量支架、⑨电源变压器一个※DE-20A标准液体测量组件一套：含不锈钢挂钩2个、标准玻璃砝码1个、不锈钢砝码1个、测量杯2个选购附件①DE-40打印机、② DE-20B防腐蚀性液体测量组件、③DE-20A标准液体测量组件电源电压AC100V~240V 50HZ/60HZ （默认欧规标准插头，或选择其它国别标准插头）重量/尺寸4.5kg/长42.5 cm×宽17.5 cm×高32.5cm