中性反物质的重力测量

2019/03/12   下载量： 1 次

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应用领域 航空航天
检测样本 航天
检测项目
参考标准 暂无

采用立陶宛Ekspla公司的NL300型高能量纳秒Nd:YAG激光器泵浦光学参量发生器，用于AEgIS实验测量系统中，实现中性反物质的重力测量

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One of the antimatter community current biggest e orts is to measure gravity
on a neutral antimatter system, towards a rst test of Equivalence Principle
- a cornerstone of General Relativity. Any deviation from the expected identical
behaviour with respect to normal matter would be an indication of new
physics.
This thesis explores the possibility to measure gravity with cold antihydrogen
(H) produced with a novel pulsed scheme based on a charge-exchange
reaction between antiprotons and Rydberg positronium (Ps). H and Ps are
currently the only neutral antimatter systems available in quantities at low
temperatures, and both are being considered for measuring gravity.
Several results towards producing pulsed charge-exchange H were obtained
in the context of the AEgIS experiment. Positronium was produced with
35% eciency in a dedicated setup, where spectroscopy of the 13S ! 33P
transition and subsequent excitation to Rydberg levels were performed with
 15% eciency (bandwidth limited). Ps was produced also in the cryogenic
H
production region of AEgIS (with  25% eciency), where  105 antiprotons
were also stored for minutes after capture, cooling, radial compression
and transfer. An estimate showed that 3?40 H atoms per measurement run
could be formed in the present setup.
The experimental work motivated two detailed theoretical studies. A numerical
code for calculating Rydberg Ps energy levels and optical spectra in
arbitrary (strong) external elds, based on a non-perturbative approach, was
developed. Results well reproduced high-resolution spectroscopic data from
experiments, and also demonstrated the feasibility of measuring both Ps axial
and transverse velocity components using only transverse laser probes.
A novel numerical method for calculating single-species non-neutral plasma
equilibria in cylindrical trap at low T was also developed, showing higher robustness
and faster convergence to solution (/ T?1) than currently available
methods (/ T?2).
Finally, the combined availability of the intense Ps source and the 13S ! 33P
laser made possible to observe the 23S metastable state of positronium by
optical decay from 33P, with a measured eciency of  1%. This result
represents a rst step towards a gravity measurement on metastable 23S
positronium.

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北京欧兰科技发展有限公司
金牌会员 丨 第17年
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