植物汁液

盼望着，盼望着，二月龙抬头，春风拂柳，万物复苏，在这万紫千红春光灿烂的时节，有些特殊的植物也悄悄“小荷才露尖尖角”，而它们一旦落入不法分子手中，那么就会变成可怕的毒 品.那什么是毒 品原植物呢？毒 品原植物，即用来提炼、加工成鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺、吗啡、可卡因等麻醉药品和精神药品的原植物。大麻大麻是一年生植物,含有400多种化学物质,其中有60多种具有类似的化学特性，因此被统称为大麻素。吸食大麻的人会出现严重的健康问题,如支气管炎、肺气肿和支气管哮喘。长期大剂量使用大麻可引起脑退行性变化的脑疾病、严重的行为损伤、免疫系统抑制和神经疾病等。罂粟罂粟是一年生草本。叶片碧绿,花朵五彩缤纷,茎株亭亭玉立,葫果高高在上,夏季开花,花大,单生枝顶。花瓣4片，红色、紫色或白色。果实球形或椭圆形,种子小而多。罂粟是制取鸦片的主要原料,从葫果上提取的汁液,可加工成鸦片、吗啡和海洛因。罂粟成为世界上毒 品的重要根源,因而罂粟这一美丽的植物被称为恶之花。古柯植物古柯原产南美洲高山地区,属于当地的一大特产,可以制作成医用局部麻醉剂。古柯叶能够提取出的古柯碱(Cocaine),主要用于制造毒 品可卡因。恰特草巧茶,又名阿拉伯茶、也门茶、埃塞俄比亚茶、恰特草,是一种卫矛科巧茶属的植物,分布在热带非洲、埃塞俄比亚、阿拉伯半岛等地。"巧茶"酷似市场上常见的苋菜,吸毒者可以直接像吃生菜一样嚼食,如果将恰特草晒千,外形又像茶叶一样,但无论是生吃还是晒干磨粉冲服,服食后的效果与海洛因相差无几,毒效惊人且成瘾性大。迷幻蘑菇“迷幻蘑菇”是一种非食用毒草。外形与普通菇相似,茎粗,顶部亦尖长及细小,在一些地方被加工成粉末食用,味苦,让人神经麻痹出现幻觉,因而得名。迷幻蘑菇中含有一种被称为裸盖菇素的物质,这种物质是一种血清素受体激动剂。在血清素缺席的场合,它能够刺激一些受体,使人产生做梦一样的感受。它能导致神经系统的紊乱和兴奋,人的言行失去控制。手持式拉曼光谱仪针对新形势下禁毒应用，厦门赛纳斯自主研发了1064 nm的手持式拉曼光谱仪，内置大量管控精神类药品和麻醉药品、毒 品数据库，结合表面增强拉曼试剂可实现低浓度（

美国农业部动植物卫生检验局(APHIS)近日发布一份最终通知，向“待有害生物风险分析后批准的植物列表”(NAPPRA)中添加来自所有国家的31种检疫性有害生物和几乎来自所有国家的107种宿主的13种检疫性害虫。该法规将于2013年5月20日生效。这是APHIS首次向NAPPRA添加新的类别。 　　2011年，APHIS建立一项新的“待有害生物风险分析后批准的植物列表”，旨在防止检疫性害虫进入美国境内。最终规则建立了两个分类单元列表：一个列表为检疫性有害种植植物名单，另一个列表为检疫性有害生物宿主植物名单。已经被认定为含有检疫性有害种植植物的单元列表，其列表将包括单元列表名称。对于检疫性有害生物宿主植物单元列表，该列表将包括单元列表名称、该类植物未被批准进口的国家以及受到关注的检疫性害虫。一旦有证据表明进口的植物类群有可能构成风险，NAPPRA就允许APHIS迅速采取行动，同时继续允许公众参与该过程。 　　APHIS预计将在未来几天发布最终规则和相关提案。

HPV 茎流量传感器/Sap Flow SensorHPV茎流量传感器是一款校准型、低成本的热脉冲液流传感器，输出校准液流量、热速、茎水含量、茎温等数据，功耗低，内置加热控制，同时改善了传统的加热方式，其原理采用双方法（DMA）热脉冲法，测量范围：-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)或-100~+2000cm3/cm2/hr (茎流通量密度)，可广泛用于于茎流量监测、植物茎流蒸发计算、植物茎流蒸腾量、植物灌溉等植物茎流是树木内部的“水”运动，而蒸腾是从叶片通过光合作用蒸发流出的水分。树液流量和蒸腾量之间有很强的关联性，通常理解是同一回事。但是，严格地说，它们是不同的，这体现在它们是如何被测量的。SAP流量以L/hr（或每天、每周等）为单位进行测量。蒸腾量以每小时、每天、每星期等毫米（mm）为单位测量。 蒸散量=蒸腾量+蒸发量 蒸腾量以毫米为测量单位，可与降雨量以毫米计作比较。随着时间的推移，降雨量（水输入）应与蒸腾量（输出）相匹配。如果蒸腾作用更高，通常是树木作物的蒸腾作用，那么这种差异必须通过灌溉来弥补。 蒸发量（evaporation），蒸发量是指在一定时段内，由土壤或水中的水分经蒸发而散布到空中的量。1mm(降雨量)=1㎡地面1kg水1mm(蒸腾量)=1㎡叶面积的1升树液流量（水） 例如：在果园和葡萄园等有管理的树木作物系统中，蒸发量与蒸腾量相比非常小。因此，为了简化测量，通常忽略蒸发量，将蒸腾量取为平均蒸散量（ETo）。 技术指标测量范围：-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)分辨率：0.001cm/hr准确度：±0.1cm/hr探针尺寸：φ1.3mm*L30mm温度位置：外10mm，内20mm针距：6mm探针材质：316不锈钢温度范围：-30~+70℃响应时间：200ms加热电阻：39Ω，400J/m电源：12V DC电流：空闲5mA, 测量茎流量传感器参考文献：1. Kim, H.K. Park, J. Hwang, I. Investigating water transport through the xylem network in vascular plants.J. Exp. Bot. 2014, 65, 1895–1904. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Steppe, K. Vandegehuchte, M.W. 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