低功率法拉第旋转器

近日，来自中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所、中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所、中国科学技术大学、法国蓝海岸大学法国滨海大学的联合研究团队发表了一种基于法拉第旋转光谱的、采用环形阵列永磁体NO2传感器。Recently, the joint research team from Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, and Université du Littoral Cô te d’Opale published a NO2 Sensor Based on Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy Using Ring Array Permanent Magnets.法拉第旋转光谱（FRS）通过检测沉浸在外部纵向磁场中的气体介质所引起的线偏振光偏振状态的变化，从而实现对顺磁分子的高选择性和高灵敏度检测。该光谱检测方法对水汽、CO2等抗磁性分子具有天然的免疫力，这使得其表现出高度的样品特异性。同时，由于采用了一对相互接近正交的偏振器极大抑制了激光噪声，因此法拉第旋转光谱具有非常高的检测灵敏度。Farraday Rotational Spectroscopy (FRS) achieves highly selective and sensitive detection of paramagnetic molecules by detecting the changes in polarization state of linearly polarized light induced by the gas medium immersed in an external longitudinal magnetic field. This spectroscopic detection method exhibits inherent immunity to diamagnetic molecules such as water vapor and CO2, which results in a high degree of sample specificity. Additionally, the implementation of a pair of closely spaced orthogonal polarizers effectively suppresses laser noise, thus providing FRS with a very high detection sensitivity.通常情况下，使用螺线管提供纵向磁场来产生磁光效应。然而，这种方法存在功耗过大和易受电磁干扰的缺点。研究团队提出了一种基于钕铁硼永磁体环形阵列和Herriott多次通过吸收池相结合的新型FRS方法。根据磁场的空间分布特性，使用14个相同的钕铁硼永磁体环以非等距形式组合，产生纵向磁场。在长度为380毫米的范围内，平均磁场强度为346高斯。宁波海尔欣光电科技有限公司为该项目提供了前置放大制冷一体型碲镉汞红外探测器（HPPD-B-08-10-150 K)，项目团队使用量子级联激光器以40毫瓦的光功率，针对最佳的441 ← 440 Q支氮氧化物跃迁（1613.25 cm–1，6.2 μm）。与Herriott多次通过吸收池耦合，积分时间为70秒，实现了0.4 ppb的最低检测限。实验结果也表明，低功耗FRS二氧化氮传感器有望发展成为一个稳健的现场可部署的环境监测系统。Usually, a solenoid coil is used to provide a longitudinal magnetic field to produce the magneto-optical effect. However, such a method has the disadvantages of excessive power consumption and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. The research team proposed a novel FRS approach based on a combination of a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet ring array and a Herriott multipass absorption cell is proposed. A longitudinal magnetic field was generated by using 14 identical neodymium iron boron permanent magnet rings combined in a non-equidistant form according to their magnetic field’s spatial distribution characteristics. The average magnetic field strength within a length of 380 mm was 346 gauss. HealthyPhoton Co.,Ltd provided an integrated TE-cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) infrared detector with front-end amplification(HPPD-B-08-10-150 K) for this project. A quantum cascade laser was used to target the optimum 441 ← 440 Q-branch nitrogen dioxide transition at 1613.25 cm–1 (6.2 μm) with an optical power of 40 mW. Coupling to a Herriott multipass absorption cell, a minimum detection limit of 0.4 ppb was achieved with an integration time of 70 s. The low-power FRS nitrogen dioxide sensor proposed in this work is expected to be developed into a robust field-deployable environment monitoring system.静态磁场法拉第旋转光谱传感装置Static magnetic field Faraday rotation spectral sensing device海尔欣前置放大制冷一体型碲镉汞红外探测器（HPPD-B-08-10-150 K)Integrated preamplifier and cryocooler type mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) infrared detector环形阵列永磁体及其纵向磁场分布特征Circular array permanent magnets and their longitudinal magnetic field distribution characteristics(a) 对于等距离的NdFeB永磁环阵列，模拟得到了中央纵向磁场的分布情况。(b) 对于非等距离的NdFeB永磁环阵列，模拟得到了中央纵向磁场的分布情况（黑线），并进行了实测（红线）。(c) 示意图显示了Herriott腔和非等距离的NdFeB永磁环阵列的配置。(a) Simulated distribution of the central longitudinal magnetic field for an equidistant NdFeB permanent magnet ring array (b) simulated (black line) and measured (red line) distributions of the central longitudinal magnetic field for a non-equidistant NdFeB permanent magnet ring array (c) schematic configuration of the Herriott cell and the non-equidistant NdFeB permanent magnet ring array.法拉第旋转光谱信号及其信噪比与检偏器偏转角度的变化关系The Relationship between FRS signal and its SNR and the Deflection Angle of the Polarizer(a) 法拉第旋转光谱信号幅度(b) SNR作为分析器角度α的函数(a) FRS signal amplitude and (b) SNR as a function of the analyzer angle α.Reference:Yuan Cao, Kun Liu, Ruifeng Wang, Xiaoming Gao, Ronghua Kang, Yunting Fang, Weidong Chen，NO2 Sensor Based on Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy Using Ring Array Permanent Magnets, Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 2, 1680–1685https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04821Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society

近日，中科研合肥研究院安光所高晓明研究员团队在静态磁场法拉第旋转光谱研究方面取得新进展，相关研究成果以《基于环形阵列永磁体的法拉第旋转光谱NO2传感器》为题发表在国际TOP期刊Analytical Chemistry上。法拉第旋转光谱（FRS）通过检测沉浸在外部纵向磁场中的气体介质所引起的线偏振光偏振状态的变化，从而实现对基态或上电子态具有磁偶极矩的顺磁性分子的高灵敏度检测。该光谱检测方法对水汽、CO2等抗磁性分子具有天然的免疫力，这使得其表现出高度的样品特异性。同时，由于采用了一对相互接近正交的偏振器极大抑制了激光噪声，法拉第旋转光谱具有非常高的检测灵敏度。目前法拉第旋转光谱信号主要由螺线管线圈产生的交流磁场调制样品吸收线的塞曼分裂而产生。针对正弦电磁场在激发磁光效应时所存在的高功耗、电磁干扰、产生大量焦耳热等缺陷，团队刘锟研究员，博士后曹渊等人提出了一种基于稀土永磁体的静态磁场法拉第旋转光谱传感装置。研究团队将十四个完全相同的环形钕铁硼（NdFeB）永磁体按照非等间距的形式同轴组合，从而在380 毫米长度范围内产生了一个平均磁场强度为346 高斯的外部纵向静态磁场。通过将赫里奥特（Herriott）池与非等间距永磁体阵列同轴配合，极大地增强了线偏振光与样品之间的相互作用。实验以NO2为检测对象，探测了1613.25 cm-1处NO2的ν3基带的Q支光谱特征，在23.7 米的光程范围实现了0.4 ppb的检测极限。本研究工作得到了中国科学院科研装备研制项目、国家自然科学基金、先进激光技术安徽省实验室开放基金、合肥研究院院长基金以及中国博士后面上基金等项目的资助。　　静态磁场法拉第旋转光谱传感装置　　环形阵列永磁体及其纵向磁场分布特性　　法拉第旋转光谱信号及其信噪比与检偏器偏转角度的变化关系

2008年12月24日，欧盟委员会发布决议草案，免除在光纤通讯系统稀土铁石榴石法拉第旋转器中作为杂质的铅的应用。该免除将继续到2009年12月31日为止。