纤维状伊利石中地质碳封存检测方案(恒流泵)

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Syringe Pump Application Note AN42Teledyne IscoP.O. Box 82531， Lincoln，Nebraska， 68501 USAToll-free：(800) 228-4373·Phone： (402) 464-0231·Fax： (402) 465-3091E-mail： Iscolnfo@teledyne.com Conducting Batch Reactions atRelevant Geologic CarbonSequestration Conditions Overview Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is needed tomitigate global warming caused by increased atmo-spheric CO， concentrations. For safe and efficient GCSoperations the geochemical reactions withCO -brine-rock under relevant GCS conditions needs tobe studied. For this application CO，-brine-biotite interac-tions were studied and fibrous illite formation wasobserved after reaction for only 3 hours. The fibrousillite detached and released into solution after longerreaction time， indicating potential permeability decreasein the aquifer， as fibrous illite can clog the pore spacesaffecting further CO， injections. Experiment At GCS sites，there is high temperature and high pres-sure， with high salt concentrations (especially NaCl) inthe brine. To mimic the GCS conditions， as shown in theFigure 1， gas (e.g，CO，) can be injected into the high tem-perature reactor by the Teledyne Isco syringe pump. Thissingle pump set-up was used for its ability to maintain aconstant pressure. During reaction，CO， may dissolve intothe solution. However it is important to leave the valvebetween the syringe pump and the reactor open and setthe syringe pump to be in constant pressure mode. During reaction， CO， in the solution can be consumedand thus CO， can be continuously pumped into thereactor to maintain the set pressure. After reaction fordifferent elapsed time (e.g.， 3， 5，8，17，22， 44， 70 hrs and6 days)， the valve connecting the syringe pump and thereactor was closed to prevent further CO， injection intothe reactor Then the gas release valve of the reactor wasopen to release the CO，. Meanwhile， the reactor wascooled down to room temperature. After releasing the pressure and lower the tempera-ture， the reactor was opened， the dissolved aqueous ionconcentrations was analyzed by ICP-MS， to represent thebiotite dissolution.The surfaces of the reacted biotitewas analyzed by AFM， SEM， to study the surface mor-phology changes and secondary mineral formations. Syringe Pump Application Note AN42 rock/water ratio： 1 piece of biotite flake and 4 ml solution，0.015 g/4 ml Elapsed time： 3，5，8，17，22，44，70，96，120，144 h. Figure 1： Single pump used to mimic GCS condi-tions 区Note Experiments conducted in DI water were serving as acontrol. For clarification， all images shown in Figure 2were collected after reaction in 1 M NaCl solutions at95°Cand 102 atm CO.Experiments were alsoconducted at lower temperatures. At 35° C the kineticsof illite formations slowed down， but illites formed atall temperatures. Conclusions As shown in Figures 2 and 3， the formation and mobi-lization of fibrous illite from biotite under GCSconditions can lower the permeability of the aquifer. Soit may cause problems during CO2 injection. Figure 2： AFM observation of fibrous illite forma-tion on reacted basal surface 22 h 44 h Figure 3：Detachment of fibrous illite and biotiteflakes from cracked surfaces ( Teledyne I s co is continually improving its products and reserves the right to change product ) 概述  地质碳封存（GCS）是缓解大气CO2浓度增加引起的全球变暖的必要手段。为了安全有效地进行GCS操作，需要研究在相关GCS条件下与CO2-盐水-岩石的地球化学反应。在这个应用中，研究了二氧化碳-盐水-黑云母相互作用，并在反应仅3小时后观察到纤维状伊利石的形成。纤维状伊利石在较长的反应时间后分离并释放到溶液中，表明含水层中潜在的渗透性降低，因为纤维状伊利石会堵塞孔隙空间，影响进一步的CO2注入。实验在GCS现场，存在高温高压，盐水中含盐浓度高（尤其是NaCl）。为了模拟GCS条件，如图1所示，气体（如CO2）可通过Teledyne Isco注塞泵注入高温反应器。这种单泵装置用于保持恒定压力的能力。在反应过程中，二氧化碳会溶解到溶液中。但是，重要的是保持注塞泵和反应器之间的阀门打开，并将柱塞泵设置为恒压模式。在反应过程中，溶液中的二氧化碳会被消耗掉，因此二氧化碳可以连续泵入反应器以保持设定压力。在经过不同的反应时间（例如3、5、8、17、22、44、70小时和6天）后，连接注塞泵和反应器的阀门关闭，以防止二氧化碳进一步注入反应器。然后打开反应器的气体释放阀释放二氧化碳。同时，反应器被冷却到室温。释放压力并降低温度后，打开反应器，通过ICP-MS分析溶解于水中的离子浓度，以代表黑云母的溶解程度。用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜对反应后的黑云母表面进行分析，研究其表面形貌变化及次生矿物的形成。岩石/水 比率: 1片黑云母片和4毫升溶液，0.015克/4毫升运行时间: 3,5,8,17,22,44,70,96,120,144 h.图1: 单柱塞泵用于模拟GCS条件备注在去离子水中进行的实验作为对照。为了解释图2中所示的所有图像都是CO2在95℃和102 atm 条件下，黑云母片在1M NaCl溶液中与CO2反应后采集的。实验也在较低的温度下进行。如35℃伊利石形成的动力学减慢，但伊利石在所有温度下都会形成。结果如图2和图3所示，在GCS条件下，黑云母中纤维状伊利石的形成和活化可以降低含水层的渗透性。因此，在注入二氧化碳时可能会出现问题。图2：反应基表面纤维状伊利石形成的AFM观察图图3：纤维状伊利石和有裂纹表面的黑云母片