碳烟中碳烟体积分数,碳烟初级粒径检测方案(烟气分析仪)

Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) occurs when a high-energy pulsed laser beam encounters graphitic particulate matter particles like soot or carbon black. The particles absorb laser energy from the beam and see an increase in their internal energy, resulting in an increase of temperature. At the same time, the particles loose energy through heat transfer mechanisms. If the energy absorption rate is sufficiently high, particle temperature will rise to levels where significant incandescence (blackbody emission) can occur .Typically, Laser-Induced Incandescence produces 50ns to 1μs long light pulses at atmospheric pressure. So far, LII measurements had been restrained to conduction-dominated conditions, whereby signals are short-lived (less than one microsecond) and require sensitive nanosecond resolution instrumentation. This thesis introduces a novel LII – based measurement method performed under high vacuum conditions. The novelty of LII under vacuum resided in the fact that heat conduction away from the soot particle becomes negligible below 10-2 mbar and this constituted a step away from the typical situation, whereby laser absorption is followed by heat conduction from the particles to the surrounding medium. Instead, sublimation and radiative heat transfer would follow laser absorption. The consequence was the obtention of long-lived LII signals (up to 100 microseconds) and a large gain of photons (ranging between 50 to 300) emitted per primary soot particle during LII temperature decays. Furthermore, the refractive index function E(m) value could be determined directly from measured radiative temperature decays, with potentially an uncertainty of circa 7%, which outperformed current soot extinction measurements. In addition, for laser fluences below 0.06 J/cm2, a regime where only laser energy absorption and radiative heat transfer apply would be reached and LII signals became independent of particle size.