【转帖】实验室致癌物质和诱发畸变物质！

d) Phenols
Solutions of phenols are very dangerous.
Phenols are absorbed rapidly through the skin during contact.
If rapid and complete decontamination is not effected immediately, serious poisoning and even death could occur, depending on the concentration of the solvent and the amount of body surface that is contaminated.
苯酚很溶液通过皮肤渗入，如果没有计时的清洗，严重中毒或者死亡都可能发生。

e) Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride is extremely corrosive. Due to
the absence of immediate pain, penetration can be
extensive and lead to serious injury. It can cause
severe eye irritation and skin burns.
HF酸，有很强烈的腐蚀性，不是马上就能感觉到疼痛，所以它很容易扩散开，导致皮肤和眼睛的受伤。

f) Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide is very toxic. Inhalation causes
respiratory paralysis. It can also damage the eyes and
mucous membranes.
Small cylinders of it are commercially available for laboratory use.
CAUTION: The gas can be easily synthesized by action of dilute acids on sulfides.
Waste gas should be passed through scrubbers before venting.
H2S也是非常毒的，吸入是有麻醉作用。H2S其他在含硫物质与稀酸作用的时候很容易生成。

好多有机物都是很容易致癌的。特别容易渗入人体

2. DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES
Perchloric acid 高氯酸
Perchlorate esters, when exposed to impact, behave in the same manner as nitroglycerine.
高氯酸酯受到冲击时与硝化甘油类似会爆炸。
b) Organic Peroxides 有机过氧化物
Some organic peroxides are very unstable and very dangerous. Due to their high sensitivity to heat, friction, impact, sparks, light, and oxidizing and reducing agents, they can cause violent explosions.
有机过氧化物对热、摩擦、冲击、火花、氧化和还原性试剂很敏感，可能产生爆炸。

To minimize the risks of such peroxides, the following precautions must be taken:Buy only the necessary quantities of peroxides needed.
Use only the minimum amount necessary. Never replace unused peroxidein the original container.Immediately clean up spilled peroxide.
If a volatile solvent must be used, avoid losses due to evaporation which could increase the peroxide concentration。
当使用挥发性溶剂时，避免蒸发以免使过氧化学浓度增加。
Avoid flames, sources of heat, and direct sunlight.Store peroxides at as low a temperature as possible above the freezing point, so as to minimize the rate of decomposition.
过氧化物应该在低温(0度以上)保存，以减小分解反应的速率。
Do not cool liquid peroxides, or those in solution, to temperatures where they could solidify or precipitate because in this form they are extremely sensitive to impact and to heat(在此状态对温度和冲击敏感).

3. CARCINOGENS 致癌物质

Carcinogens and substances capable of inducing cancer. These substances must be subject to strict guidelines such as those published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer when they are stored, used, and disposed of. Avoid exposure where exposure is unavoidable, keep it as low as reasonably achievable. The list of known carcinogens is continually updated.
(See next page for some examples of carcinogens).
致癌类物质要避免直接暴露在空气中，其名单以国际癌症研究中心公布的数据为准。

a) KNOWN HUMAN CARCINOGENS





b) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGENS 未有定论的癌症引发物质

4. MUTAGENS AND TERATOGENS
Mutagens are substances causing permanent transmissible
alterations in genetic information. Teratogens are agents
interfering with normal prenatal development causing
abnormalities in the fetus. Exposure to mutagens and
teratogens should be kept as low as possible.
诱发突变性物质，是指那些引起在基因中的可遗传的
变化的物质。诱发畸变性物质，是指可以引起胎儿在
出生前产生不正常变化的物质。



现在没有一个完整的诱发突变性物质和畸变
性物质的清单。对这类物质，人类的认识不
如致癌性物质认识的多，但是这类物质在使
用时也应该特别的注意。

是非常多，不过好多制癌机理现在还不清楚。

注意起的是防护作用,可是试剂凡多,很多防不胜防的

苯（甲苯）的致癌性在国外是非常重视的
学校的实验都取消了使用苯（甲苯）作为溶剂的实验
我们国家不知道现在情况怎样？