立项金额

p 　　8月17日，2017年国家自然科学基金终于在千呼万唤中揭晓出炉了。 /p p 　　国家自然科学基金委发布的公告表示，今年决定资助面上项目18136项、重点项目667项、重大项目2项、重点国际(地区)合作研究项目107项、青年科学基金项目17523项、优秀青年科学基金项目399项、创新研究群体项目38项、海外及港澳学者合作研究基金项目142项、地区科学基金项目3017项、部分联合基金项目(NSAF联合基金、天文联合基金、民航联合研究基金和钢铁联合研究基金)151项、国家重大科研仪器研制项目(自由申请)83项，合计40265项。其余项目正在评审过程中。 /p p 　　从今年的总体立项情况看，上海交通大学依然高居第一，总立项数高达1012项，总金额达到5.5亿元，无论是立项数还是总金额相比去年都有很大进步。中山大学今年立项数高达831项，位居全国第二，立项数相比去年同期增加近200项，立项金额增加近1.1亿，达到4.1亿。浙江大学立项数达到748项，立项数相比增加47项，立项金额达到4.24亿元。华中科技大学今年立项数相比去年也大幅增加，达到707项，总金额达到3.8亿元。除了立项数超过700项的四所高校外，立项数前十的高校还有复旦大学、北京大学、清华大学、同济大学、西安交通大学和山东大学。 /p p 　　除了众多名校外，今年苏州大学、南京医科大学、南昌大学、深圳大学等高校表现也相当强势，立项数均位居前30位。 /p p 　　以下是目前统计完成的2017年高校和科研院所国家自然科学基金项目的立项情况： /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/52159868-b704-45a3-9870-5cd7642a0972.jpg" style=" " title=" 1.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/f8b820f2-c62b-4860-af1f-91deb39c2429.jpg" style=" " title=" 2.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/c1d4ea6d-7d1d-4c6a-a5f2-c7a7ab1add9b.jpg" style=" " title=" 3.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/608af747-5562-4f62-be79-28416158b0a2.jpg" style=" " title=" 4.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/e2dee700-e28b-40c2-9d6a-7734d6831594.jpg" style=" " title=" 5.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/9ea15487-023d-4519-b6b5-c8bcd59d3616.jpg" style=" " title=" 6.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/7e149708-3504-4af9-ab3d-5be626ee6618.jpg" style=" " title=" 7.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201708/insimg/e7b493df-f2a3-431b-95d0-6131ab625267.jpg" style=" " title=" 8.jpg" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img src=" 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p 　　8月16日，2019年国家自然科学基金终于在千呼万唤中揭晓了。从今年集中受理期国家自然科学基金项目的总体立项数据看，今年的自然科学基金竞争依然十分激烈。全国共有1400多家单位申报的项目获得立项，立项总数超42000项，不过绝大多数单位获批项目数少于50项。 /p p 　　从各单位立项情况来看，今年上海交通大学依然高居第一，总立项数高达1194项，项目总金额达到6.4亿元。中山大学立项数高达987项，位居第二位，项目总金额达到4.6亿。浙江大学立项数达到838项。立项数前十的高校还有华中科技大学、复旦大学、北京大学、清华大学、山东大学、中南大学和四川大学。 /p p style=" text-align: center" /p p style=" text-align: center" img style=" " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201908/uepic/41373b90-6195-42ea-9e30-dc2861c323ad.jpg" title=" 1.png" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img style=" " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201908/uepic/428c7370-d5e3-4b17-82c0-29f590a61f3c.jpg" title=" 2.png" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img style=" " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201908/uepic/8f6f3c3a-bfab-4436-b4db-52edc5bf6b19.jpg" title=" 3.png" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img style=" " src=" https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201908/uepic/3c9040c9-d34b-4013-95de-01f0f6001fe0.jpg" title=" 4.png" / /p p style=" text-align: center" img 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国立科研资助机构资助的科研项目是国家科技研发工作的具体部署,体现了国家科技发展战略和科学研究活动的重点与方向。　　本文综合利用文献计量学方法和信息分析技术，结合定性分析，试图对美国科学基金会(NSF)和中国国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)材料科学的资助项目进行比较分析，从资助布局、资助规模、资助强度、资助重点、发展演变等角度开展比较研究，揭示美国科学发展的方向与重点，前瞻识别重要科学领域和重要科学问题，为优化我国科研资源配置、制定我国科研发展战略等提供借鉴。　　2010年到2016年3月，美国NSF材料学部共资助了纯学术研究项目2410项，平均每年459项，资助项目数量与资助金额年度分布情况如图1所示。从年度立项数量与立项资助金额趋势可以明显看出，5年中NSF材料学部资助数量没有明显的变化，但资助金额却大幅下降。资助金额从2010、2011年的每年3亿元左右下降到了2012年近1.7亿元，且呈现持续下降的趋势。图1 美国NSF材料学部研究资助项目数量与资助总额的年度变化　　NSF材料学部资助金额前15的材料重大项目，全部为Cooperative和Interagency Agreement类型项目，14个项目资助资金额超过1千万美金。资助金额最高的项目为NSF持续资助康奈尔大学的大型设备项目CHESS，两年的资助额超过1亿美金。此外多达11个资助项目为材料相关研究中心筹建，包括了6个卓越研发中心。2011年后NSF的大型项目逐渐减少。　　通过文本聚类，把NSF材料科学项目归类为17个研究主题(表1)。可以看出，NSF经费投入最多的是仪器设备的建设和相关技术的研发，不论是资助金额还是平均资助金额仪器设备主题都远超其他主题，118个研究项目有92个承担机构，承担机构分布很均匀。通过判读主题关键词和项目题名，主题资助内容为X射线光源、激光光源、显微镜、核磁共振等相关材料表征设备建设与相关技术研发。该主题包括所有材料资助项目中3个资助金额最高的项目：康奈尔大学的持续两个 CHESS建设项目和Phase Ib Energy Recovery Linac直线加速器的研发，均为X射线相关设备。表1.主题资助数量与资助金额列表　　此外从NSF资助项目的数量来看，NSF过去5年在薄膜材料、自组装材料与聚合物材料三个主题中资助了较多的研究项目，特别是薄膜材料不但资助数量多(226个项目)，平均资助金额也达到47万美金。而光伏材料、材料的自旋轨道耦合和石墨烯材料3个研究主题虽然项目数量较少，但平均资助金额较高，分别为52万、47万、45万美金，其中光伏材料是除了仪器设备和材料综合外平均资助金额最高研究主题。　　从2009到2013年中国NSFC共资助了研究项目6252项，平均每年资助1050项，远超NSF同期资助项目数量并呈现逐年上涨的趋势(见图2)。同时，NSFC所资助项目金额也呈明显的上升趋势，尤其是2012年和2013年，两年平均资助金额高达9.4亿元人民币，如果换算成美元，虽然还略低于 NSF在2012-2015年的每年1.6亿美金，但NSFC在材料领域的科研资助有强劲增长趋势，相信几年内NSFC在材料领域的资助金额可能超过美国 NSF。图2 中国NSFC材料领域资助项目数量与资助总额的年度变化　　从NSFC材料学部项目获得资助金额最多的10个承担机构情况来看(表2)，排名前10的承担机构中有3个是中国科学院下属研究所，7个是国内知名高校。中科院金属研究所以承担192个项目获得1.3亿元资助排名第一。清华大学次之，承担了182个项目获得超过1.2亿元资助。中科院金属研究所和清华大学从资助项目数量、总项目经费、平均项目金额三个指标上都领先于其他承担机构。而中山大学只承担了66个研究项目，在排名前十的机构中是最少的，但平均项目金额却高达95.69万元，是所有机构中最高的。表2.承担机构获得资助金额前10列表　　2009-2013年NSFC材料资助项目最多的类型是面上项目和青年科学基金项目，分别为面上项目2604项13.7亿元，青年科学基金项目2170项 4.9亿元。而平均资助金额最高的类型是创新研究群体科学基金、重大项目和重点项目，特别是前两类，平均资助金额高达550万元和450万元。