液相色谱-串联质谱条件测定水果中的多农药残留方法优化
本法建立了水果多种农药残留量的快速、简便、准确的测定方法,通过对样品前处理方法、仪器检测方法的考察优化,建立液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。其中以日本制定的“肯定列表”中的“一律标准”最为严格,限量为 0.01mg/kg,而我国的残留限量标准还不够完善,很多农药还没有制定限量标准,其方法的测定低限(定量限)能达到 0.01mg/kg的要求。
1、液相色谱条件考察:
在方法建立过程中对液相色谱条件进行了考察,主要考察了色谱柱、流动相等。在色谱柱选择时,比较了BEH C18、 HSS T3、 Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18等色谱柱,发现HSS T3色谱柱对甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷等大极性农药的色谱保留效果较好,所以选择HSS T3色谱柱进行下一步的研究。在流动相考察时,发现在流动相中加入0.1%的甲酸可以改善多菌灵、噻菌灵等农药的分离,而且加入甲酸可以在电喷雾正离子( ESI+)模式电离时提供H+,提高电离效果,所以选择在流动相中加入0.1%的甲酸,比较了在水相和有机相中均加入0.1%的甲酸、仅在水相中加入0.1%的甲酸两种情况,发现色谱分离及质谱电离无显著差别,为简化操作和便于使用,选择仅在水相中加入0.1%的甲酸。流动相的有机相选择时考察了甲醇、甲醇-乙腈( 1+1, V/V)、乙腈三种情况,发现采用乙腈时色谱柱的柱压较低,色谱分离也较好,但毒死蜱、辛硫磷、特丁硫磷、敌敌畏等常用有机磷农药的质谱响应值低、重现性差,而选用甲醇时可以显著提高这些化合物的质谱响应及重现性,综合考虑后选择甲醇为流动相的有机相。由于此次分析的多农药的化学性质差别较大,从高极性到低极性均有分布,所以色谱分离时需要采用梯度洗脱模式,通过实验考察,最终确的液相色谱条件如下:
a)色谱柱: HSS T3柱,长100 mm,内径2.1 mm,粒径1.8 μm,或相当者; b) 流动相:甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液梯度洗脱,参见表 1。
c) 柱温: 35 ºC;d) 进样量: 5.0 μL。
e) 多农药的参考色谱保留时间参见表2。
实验室先通过毛细管直接进样的方式对多农药进行调谐,淘汰了氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、六六六、滴滴涕等4种液相色谱-串联质谱不易电离的农药,在通过液相色谱-串联质谱检测淘汰了甲基对硫磷、乐果、氧化乐果、甲基毒死蜱等4种质谱响应值较低和重现性不好的农药,最终确定以下农药(见表2)进行测定,选择的农药均采用电喷雾正离子( ESI+)模式检测,经过调谐优化确定每种农药的定量离子对、定性离子对、锥孔电压、碰撞能量等参数,最终确定的质谱条件如下
检测方式:MRM多反应监测 Ion Source Type: H-ESI Positive Ion (V): 4000 Negative Ion (V): 3200 Sheath Gas (Arb): 40 Aux Gas (Arb): 10 Sweep Gas (Arb): 0 Ion Transfer Tube Temp (°C): 350 | Vaporizer Temp (°C): 300 Default Charge State: 1 Cycle Time (sec): 0.4 Q1 Resolution (FWHM): 0.7 Q3 Resolution (FWHM): 1.2 CID Gas (mTorr): 1.5 Source Fragmentation: 10 |
表 2 多农药测定的参考 MRM 条件及色谱参考保留时间
序 号 | 化合物 | 定量离子对 | 定性离子对 | 锥孔电压( V) | 碰撞能量( eV) | 保留时间 min) | |
1 | 甲胺磷 | 142.0/94.0 | 142.0/124.9 | 20 | 15, 12 | 1.34 | |
2 | 乙酰甲胺磷 | 184.0/142.9 | 184.0/124.9 | 15 | 10, 15 | 1.50 | |
3 | 多菌灵 | 192.1/159.9 | 192.1/132.0 | 28 | 18, 25 | 2.12 | |
4 | 灭多威 | 163.0/88.0 | 163.0/106.0 | 10 | 10, 10 | 2.28 | |
5 | 噻菌灵 | 202.1/175.0 | 202.1/130.9 | 21 | 20, 25 | 2.47 | |
6 | 吡虫啉 | 256.1/174.9 | 256.1/208.9 | 22 | 20, 15 | 2.81 | |
7 | 吡虫清 | 222.9/125.8 | 222.9/89.9 | 28 | 25, 30 | 3.15 | |
8 | 敌百虫 | 256.9/108.9 | 256.9/220.8 | 20 | 18, 10 | 3.20 | |
9 | 抗蚜威 | 239.0/72.1 | 239.4/182.0 | 25 | 20, 15 | 3.36 | |
10 | 三环唑 | 189.9/162.8 | 189.9/135.8 | 40 | 20, 25 | 3.72 | |
11 | 速灭威 | 166.0/108.9 | 166.0/90.9 | 15 | 8, 25 | 4.03 | |
12 | 敌敌畏 | 221.0/109.0 | 221.0/79.1 | 25 | 18, 28 | 4.22 | |
13 | 残杀威 | 210.2/110.9 | 210.2/167.8 | 15 | 15, 10 | 4.29 | |
14 | 克百威 | 222.2/164.9 | 222.2/122.9 | 20 | 15, 20 | 4.33 | |
15 | 西玛津 | 202.0/131.9 | 202.0/123.9 | 30 | 20, 20 | 4.38 | |
16 | 抑霉唑 | 297.0/158.8 | 297.0/254.8 | 30 | 20, 18 | 4.39 | |
17 | 甲萘威 | 202.2/145.0 | 202.2/127.0 | 15 | 10, 25 | 4.58 | |
18 | 异丙威 | 194.1/95.0 | 194.1/137.0 | 20 | 15, 8 | 5.25 | |
19 | 嘧霉胺 | 200.2/107.0 | 200.2/167.9 | 35 | 25, 33 | 5.36 | |
20 | 莠去津 | 216.1/173.8 | 216.1/145.8 | 30 | 15, 22 | 5.37 | |
21 | 水胺硫磷 | 290.9/230.9 | 290.9/120.9 | 12 | 10, 30 | 5.59 | |
22 | 甲霜灵 | 280.1/220.0 | 280.1/192.0 | 20 | 13, 17 | 5.61 | |
23 | 氧环唑 | 299.9/158.8 | 299.9/230.8 | 30 | 25, 18 | 5.66 | |
24 | 氯吡脲 | 248.0/128.9 | 248.0/154.8 | 26 | 15, 15 | 5.72 | |
25 | 杀扑磷 | 302.9/144.9 | 302.9/85.0 | 17 | 10, 18 | 5.97 | |
26 | 亚胺硫磷 | 317.9/159.8 | 317.9/132.9 | 20 | 15, 40 | 6.36 | |
27 | 嘧菌酯 | 404.0/372.0 | 404.0/344.0 | 25 | 15, 25 | 6.88 | |
28 | 乙霉威 | 268.1/225.9 | 268.1/179.8 | 15 | 10, 18 | 6.92 | |
29 | 扑灭津 | 230.1/145.9 | 230.1/187.9 | 33 | 24, 18 | 6.96 | |
30 | 氟苯嘧啶醇 | 314.9/251.8 | 314.9/81.0 | 35 | 20, 25 | 6.97 | |
31 | 嘧菌环胺 | 226.1/92.9 | 226.1/107.9 | 35 | 35, 25 | 7.55 | |
32 | 多效唑 | 294.1/70.1 | 294.1/124.9 | 20 | 20, 30 | 7.68 | |
33 | 三唑酮 | 293.9/196.9 | 293.9/224.9 | 28 | 15, 12 | 7.96 | |
34 | 腈菌唑 | 289.1/70.2 | 289.1/125.1 | 25 | 15, 26 | 7.98 | |
35 | 三唑醇 | 296.2/70.1 | 296.2/99.0 | 15 | 15, 13 | 8.30 | |
36 | 氯苯嘧啶醇 | 330.9/268.0 | 330.9/258.9 | 35 | 23, 25 | 8.36 | |
37 | 灭线磷 | 243.2/130.9 | 243.2/96.8 | 25 | 20, 30 | 8.50 | |
38 | 除虫脲 | 311.0/140.9 | 311.0/113.0 | 22 | 33, 50 | 8.73 | |
39 | 氟硅唑 | 316.0/165.0 | 316.0/247.0 | 25 | 25, 18 | 8.74 | |
40 | 灭幼脲 | 309.0/155.9 | 309.0/138.9 | 25 | 18, 30 | 9.02 | |
41 | 戊菌唑 | 284.0/158.9 | 284.0/172.9 | 25 | 25, 20 | 9.02 | |
42 | 戊唑醇 | 308.0/70.0 | 308.0/124.8 | 28 | 20, 28 | 9.08 | |
43 | 莎稗磷 | 367.9/198.9 | 367.9/170.9 | 25 | 15, 20 | 9.12 | |
44 | 甲基嘧啶磷 | 306.1/164.0 | 306.1/277.8 | 35 | 20, 20 | 9.18 | |
45 | 丙环唑 | 342.0/158.8 | 342.0/204.9 | 30 | 30, 18 | 9.20 | |
46 | 二嗪磷 | 305.0/169.0 | 305.0/153.0 | 35 | 20, 20 | 9.20 | |
47 | 辛硫磷 | 299.0/128.9 | 299.0/96.9 | 20 | 15, 15 | 9.30 | |
48 | 环氟菌胺 | 413.0/295.0 | 413.0/241.0 | 20 | 16, 22 | 9.34 | |
49 | 四螨嗪 | 302.9/137.8 | 302.9/101.9 | 20 | 15, 35 | 9.39 | |
50 | 异柳磷 | 346.0/244.8 | 346.0/216.9 | 10 | 10, 20 | 9.45 | |
51 | 氟菌唑 | 346.0/278.0 | 346.0/205.9 | 20 | 10, 30 | 9.51 | |
52 | 烯唑醇 | 325.9/70.1 | 325.9/158.9 | 35 | 25, 30 | 9.53 | |
53 | 苯醚甲环唑 | 406.0/251.0 | 406.0/188.0 | 40 | 25, 45 | 9.55 | |
54 | 茚虫威 | 528.0/149.9 | 528.0/202.9 | 30 | 20, 40 | 9.57 | |
55 | 嘧啶磷 | 333.9/197.8 | 333.9/169.8 | 35 | 22, 35 | 9.99 | |
56 | 特丁硫磷 | 289.0/103.0 | 289.0/232.9 | 10 | 10, 5 | 10.03 | |
57 | 乙硫磷 | 384.9/198.9 | 384.9/170.8 | 15 | 10, 18 | 10.14 | |
58 | 毒死蜱 | 349.9/198.0 | 349.9/96.9 | 20 | 20, 35 | 10.25 | |
59 | 噻螨酮 | 353.0/227.9 | 353.0/167.9 | 23 | 15, 25 | 10.26 | |
60 | 氟虫脲 | 489.0/157.9 | 489.0/140.9 | 21 | 20, 35 | 10.31 | |
61 | 哒螨灵 | 365.0/147.0 | 365.0/309.0 | 18 | 28, 13 | 10.73 |
序 号 | 化合物 | 定量离子对 | 定性离子对 | 锥孔电压( V) | 碰撞能量( eV) | 保留时间 min) | |
1 | 甲胺磷 | 142.0/94.0 | 142.0/124.9 | 20 | 15, 12 | 1.34 | |
2 | 乙酰甲胺磷 | 184.0/142.9 | 184.0/124.9 | 15 | 10, 15 | 1.50 | |
3 | 多菌灵 | 192.1/159.9 | 192.1/132.0 | 28 | 18, 25 | 2.12 | |
4 | 灭多威 | 163.0/88.0 | 163.0/106.0 | 10 | 10, 10 | 2.28 | |
5 | 噻菌灵 | 202.1/175.0 | 202.1/130.9 | 21 | 20, 25 | 2.47 | |
6 | 吡虫啉 | 256.1/174.9 | 256.1/208.9 | 22 | 20, 15 | 2.81 | |
7 | 吡虫清 | 222.9/125.8 | 222.9/89.9 | 28 | 25, 30 | 3.15 | |
8 | 敌百虫 | 256.9/108.9 | 256.9/220.8 | 20 | 18, 10 | 3.20 | |
9 | 抗蚜威 | 239.0/72.1 | 239.4/182.0 | 25 | 20, 15 | 3.36 | |
10 | 三环唑 | 189.9/162.8 | 189.9/135.8 | 40 | 20, 25 | 3.72 | |
11 | 速灭威 | 166.0/108.9 | 166.0/90.9 | 15 | 8, 25 | 4.03 | |
12 | 敌敌畏 | 221.0/109.0 | 221.0/79.1 | 25 | 18, 28 | 4.22 | |
13 | 残杀威 | 210.2/110.9 | 210.2/167.8 | 15 | 15, 10 | 4.29 | |
14 | 克百威 | 222.2/164.9 | 222.2/122.9 | 20 | 15, 20 | 4.33 | |
15 | 西玛津 | 202.0/131.9 | 202.0/123.9 | 30 | 20, 20 | 4.38 | |
16 | 抑霉唑 | 297.0/158.8 | 297.0/254.8 | 30 | 20, 18 | 4.39 | |
17 | 甲萘威 | 202.2/145.0 | 202.2/127.0 | 15 | 10, 25 | 4.58 | |
18 | 异丙威 | 194.1/95.0 | 194.1/137.0 | 20 | 15, 8 | 5.25 | |
19 | 嘧霉胺 | 200.2/107.0 | 200.2/167.9 | 35 | 25, 33 | 5.36 | |
20 | 莠去津 | 216.1/173.8 | 216.1/145.8 | 30 | 15, 22 | 5.37 | |
21 | 水胺硫磷 | 290.9/230.9 | 290.9/120.9 | 12 | 10, 30 | 5.59 | |
22 | 甲霜灵 | 280.1/220.0 | 280.1/192.0 | 20 | 13, 17 | 5.61 | |
23 | 氧环唑 | 299.9/158.8 | 299.9/230.8 | 30 | 25, 18 | 5.66 | |
24 | 氯吡脲 | 248.0/128.9 | 248.0/154.8 | 26 | 15, 15 | 5.72 | |
25 | 杀扑磷 | 302.9/144.9 | 302.9/85.0 | 17 | 10, 18 | 5.97 | |
26 | 亚胺硫磷 | 317.9/159.8 | 317.9/132.9 | 20 | 15, 40 | 6.36 | |
27 | 嘧菌酯 | 404.0/372.0 | 404.0/344.0 | 25 | 15, 25 | 6.88 | |
28 | 乙霉威 | 268.1/225.9 | 268.1/179.8 | 15 | 10, 18 | 6.92 | |
29 | 扑灭津 | 230.1/145.9 | 230.1/187.9 | 33 | 24, 18 | 6.96 | |
30 | 氟苯嘧啶醇 | 314.9/251.8 | 314.9/81.0 | 35 | 20, 25 | 6.97 | |
31 | 嘧菌环胺 | 226.1/92.9 | 226.1/107.9 | 35 | 35, 25 | 7.55 | |
32 | 多效唑 | 294.1/70.1 | 294.1/124.9 | 20 | 20, 30 | 7.68 | |
33 | 三唑酮 | 293.9/196.9 | 293.9/224.9 | 28 | 15, 12 | 7.96 | |
34 | 腈菌唑 | 289.1/70.2 | 289.1/125.1 | 25 | 15, 26 | 7.98 | |
35 | 三唑醇 | 296.2/70.1 | 296.2/99.0 | 15 | 15, 13 | 8.30 | |
36 | 氯苯嘧啶醇 | 330.9/268.0 | 330.9/258.9 | 35 | 23, 25 | 8.36 | |
37 | 灭线磷 | 243.2/130.9 | 243.2/96.8 | 25 | 20, 30 | 8.50 | |
38 | 除虫脲 | 311.0/140.9 | 311.0/113.0 | 22 | 33, 50 | 8.73 | |
39 | 氟硅唑 | 316.0/165.0 | 316.0/247.0 | 25 | 25, 18 | 8.74 | |
40 | 灭幼脲 | 309.0/155.9 | 309.0/138.9 | 25 | 18, 30 | 9.02 | |
41 | 戊菌唑 | 284.0/158.9 | 284.0/172.9 | 25 | 25, 20 | 9.02 | |
42 | 戊唑醇 | 308.0/70.0 | 308.0/124.8 | 28 | 20, 28 | 9.08 | |
43 | 莎稗磷 | 367.9/198.9 | 367.9/170.9 | 25 | 15, 20 | 9.12 | |
44 | 甲基嘧啶磷 | 306.1/164.0 | 306.1/277.8 | 35 | 20, 20 | 9.18 | |
45 | 丙环唑 | 342.0/158.8 | 342.0/204.9 | 30 | 30, 18 | 9.20 | |
46 | 二嗪磷 | 305.0/169.0 | 305.0/153.0 | 35 | 20, 20 | 9.20 | |
47 | 辛硫磷 | 299.0/128.9 | 299.0/96.9 | 20 | 15, 15 | 9.30 | |
48 | 环氟菌胺 | 413.0/295.0 | 413.0/241.0 | 20 | 16, 22 | 9.34 | |
49 | 四螨嗪 | 302.9/137.8 | 302.9/101.9 | 20 | 15, 35 | 9.39 | |
50 | 异柳磷 | 346.0/244.8 | 346.0/216.9 | 10 | 10, 20 | 9.45 | |
51 | 氟菌唑 | 346.0/278.0 | 346.0/205.9 | 20 | 10, 30 | 9.51 | |
52 | 烯唑醇 | 325.9/70.1 | 325.9/158.9 | 35 | 25, 30 | 9.53 | |
53 | 苯醚甲环唑 | 406.0/251.0 | 406.0/188.0 | 40 | 25, 45 | 9.55 | |
54 | 茚虫威 | 528.0/149.9 | 528.0/202.9 | 30 | 20, 40 | 9.57 | |
55 | 嘧啶磷 | 333.9/197.8 | 333.9/169.8 | 35 | 22, 35 | 9.99 | |
56 | 特丁硫磷 | 289.0/103.0 | 289.0/232.9 | 10 | 10, 5 | 10.03 | |
57 | 乙硫磷 | 384.9/198.9 | 384.9/170.8 | 15 | 10, 18 | 10.14 | |
58 | 毒死蜱 | 349.9/198.0 | 349.9/96.9 | 20 | 20, 35 | 10.25 | |
59 | 噻螨酮 | 353.0/227.9 | 353.0/167.9 | 23 | 15, 25 | 10.26 | |
60 | 氟虫脲 | 489.0/157.9 | 489.0/140.9 | 21 | 20, 35 | 10.31 | |
61 | 哒螨灵 | 365.0/147.0 | 365.0/309.0 | 18 | 28, 13 | 10.73 |
表3 部分农药采用不同定容溶剂时色谱峰形及峰面积
化合物 | 不同定容溶剂 | 峰宽( min) | |||||
A | B | C | D | E | F | ||
甲胺磷 | 0.3 | 0.5(双峰) | 0.5(双峰) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 峰宽 |
4449 | 5106 | 942 | 4585 | 6342 | 4590 | 峰面积 | |
乙酰甲胺磷 | 0.4 | 0.6(双峰) | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 峰宽 |
116442 | 147917 | 54064 | 133018 | 130983 | 148897 | 峰面积 |
多菌灵 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 峰宽 |
193493 | 247020 | 158431 | 227324 | 245034 | 246390 | 峰面积 | |
氟虫脲 | 0.6(双峰) | 0.4 | 0.45 | 0.5(双峰) | 0.5 | 0.35 | 峰宽 |
143 | 1867 | 2317 | 150 | 341 | 3189 | 峰面积 | |
嘧啶磷 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 峰宽 |
8288444 | 8932123 | 9349252 | 8317623 | 9155740 | 9782695 | 峰面积 | |
乙硫磷 | 0.6(分叉) | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35(分叉) | 0.35 | 0.3 | 峰宽 |
188 | 6864 | 4538 | 120 | 888 | 9372 | 峰面积 | |
哒螨灵 | 0.2(分叉) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2(分叉) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 峰宽 |
18 | 52455 | 71546 | 13 | 15406 | 73488 | 峰面积 |
在确定液相色谱-串联质谱条件及定容溶剂后,取浓度为 0.05 μg/mL 的混合标准溶液进样测定, 61 种农药的多重反应监测离子流图如图 1 所示
表4 不同固相萃取柱的加标回收率实验结果
序号 | 化合物 | 不同萃取柱的回收率( %) | |||
PSA柱 | NH2柱 | PSA/Carb复合柱 | Carb柱 |
1 | 甲胺磷 | 68.5 | 56.7 | 55.9 | 35.9 |
2 | 乙酰甲胺磷 | 65.7 | 47.3 | 58.1 | 45.4 |
3 | 多菌灵 | 90.1 | 95.7 | 71.7 | 79.3 |
4 | 灭多威 | 73.5 | 68.0 | 65.9 | 35.9 |
5 | 噻菌灵 | 85.5 | 81.2 | 46.2 | 77.6 |
6 | 吡虫啉 | 127.9 | 105.6 | 83.0 | 116.0 |
7 | 吡虫清 | 123.9 | 80.9 | 123.9 | 106.2 |
8 | 敌百虫 | 73.2 | 84.6 | 65.0 | 48.5 |
9 | 抗蚜威 | 111.6 | 98.0 | 100.4 | 85.5 |
10 | 三环唑 | 105.6 | 71.1 | 115.8 | 103.5 |
11 | 速灭威 | 88.0 | 89.3 | 86.7 | 79.1 |
12 | 敌敌畏 | 99.8 | 89.5 | 57.6 | 86.2 |
13 | 残杀威 | 110.1 | 53.7 | 109.0 | 56.2 |
14 | 克百威 | 71.3 | 62.0 | 74.8 | 83.8 |
15 | 西玛津 | 114.1 | 109.5 | 117.7 | 110.3 |
16 | 抑霉唑 | 89.0 | 86.8 | 77.0 | 97.7 |
17 | 甲萘威 | 67.5 | 80.9 | 59.6 | 115.2 |
18 | 异丙威 | 89.8 | 88.2 | 76.2 | 90.2 |
19 | 嘧霉胺 | 124.3 | 52.2 | 139.6 | 124.2 |
20 | 莠去津 | 114.0 | 88.9 | 104.8 | 116.9 |
21 | 水胺硫磷 | 89.3 | 93.4 | 83.6 | 72.7 |
22 | 甲霜灵 | 111.8 | 77.1 | 101.9 | 133.2 |
23 | 氧环唑 | 99.0 | 108.1 | 92.3 | 96.1 |
24 | 氯吡脲 | 90.1 | 101.8 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 杀扑磷 | 123.6 | 81.6 | 146.2 | 87.2 |
26 | 亚胺硫磷 | 126.2 | 106.2 | 145.7 | 86.7 |
27 | 嘧菌酯 | 110.8 | 105.3 | 101.6 | 98.1 |
28 | 乙霉威 | 98.0 | 76.0 | 101.7 | 91.7 |
29 | 扑灭津 | 104.7 | 95.7 | 104.2 | 96.5 |
30 | 氟苯嘧啶醇 | 90.3 | 88.7 | 95.2 | 89.3 |
31 | 嘧菌环胺 | 102.7 | 92.4 | 93.8 | 104.8 |
32 | 多效唑 | 96.5 | 93.3 | 97.1 | 92.2 |
33 | 三唑酮 | 109.7 | 107.1 | 110.3 | 99.7 |
34 | 腈菌唑 | 113.9 | 99.7 | 97.5 | 92.6 |
35 | 三唑醇 | 109.7 | 99.6 | 110.7 | 119.0 |
36 | 氯苯嘧啶醇 | 79.7 | 99.5 | 92.5 | 100.7 |
37 | 灭线磷 | 77.6 | 82.0 | 71.5 | 68.7 |
38 | 除虫脲 | 125.3 | 52.6 | 77.2 | 84.0 |
39 | 氟硅唑 | 76.7 | 96.0 | 101.8 | 96.1 |
40 | 灭幼脲 | 105.2 | 74.8 | 82.5 | 83.0 |
41 | 戊菌唑 | 101.1 | 98.0 | 95.7 | 92.0 |
42 | 戊唑醇 | 101.2 | 107.3 | 106.1 | 88.1 |
43 | 莎稗磷 | 90.2 | 87.9 | 90.1 | 73.1 |
44 | 甲基嘧啶磷 | 71.8 | 52.3 | 40.6 | 45.6 |
45 | 丙环唑 | 75.9 | 92.2 | 101.1 | 51.7 |
46 | 二嗪磷 | 109.9 | 96.9 | 92.7 | 89.5 |
47 | 辛硫磷 | 91.3 | 78.8 | 29.8 | 54.0 |
48 | 环氟菌胺 | 85.5 | 83.2 | 85.2 | 69.6 |
49 | 四螨嗪 | 88.2 | 74.6 | 51.9 | 52.3 |
50 | 异柳磷 | 73.7 | 68.6 | 68.0 | 48.3 |
51 | 氟菌唑 | 87.4 | 97.5 | 97.8 | 94.9 |
52 | 烯唑醇 | 97.7 | 89.3 | 94.7 | 89.0 |
53 | 苯醚甲环唑 | 125.9 | 148.9 | 50.8 | 130.9 |
54 | 茚虫威 | 99.9 | 90.6 | 102.5 | 87.8 |
55 | 嘧啶磷 | 91.5 | 81.9 | 89.0 | 82.8 |
56 | 特丁硫磷 | 96.5 | 85.9 | 87.0 | 73.1 |
57 | 乙硫磷 | 74.5 | 127.4 | 22.0 | 20.4 |
58 | 毒死蜱 | 109.7 | 87.7 | 88.9 | 65.0 |
59 | 噻螨酮 | 92.0 | 83.9 | 64.7 | 51.2 |
60 | 氟虫脲 | 135.2 | 273.4 | 68.8 | 117.7 |
61 | 哒螨灵 | 95.1 | 98.7 | 77.4 | 48.2 |
表 5 样品质谱测定时的基质效应
序号 | 化合物 | 样品基质( 以峰面积增加或降低的百分比表示基质效应,单位为%) | |||
苹果 | 石榴 | 柑桔 | 猕猴桃 |
1 | 甲胺磷 | -20.8 | -25.3 | -36.7 | -41.2 | -27.7 | -20.7 | -22.3 | -31.2 |
2 | 乙酰甲胺磷 | -32.6 | -30.1 | -20.9 | -24.9 | -17.6 | -18.4 | -34.7 | -33.3 |
3 | 多菌灵 | -15.7 | -16.6 | -14.3 | -15.5 | 32.2 | 37.8 | -16.9 | -11.6 |
4 | 灭多威 | -7.9 | -10.8 | -9.6 | -11.3 | -7.8 | -9.0 | -10.0 | -8.5 |
5 | 噻菌灵 | 2.1 | 5.6 | 10.8 | 6.5 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 6.3 | 5.5 |
6 | 吡虫啉 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 5.3 | 4.2 | -4.5 | -5.7 | 3.6 | 2.9 |
7 | 吡虫清 | -10.1 | -8.2 | -10.1 | -10.6 | -19.9 | -16.1 | -23.8 | -21.9 |
8 | 敌百虫 | -27.8 | -26.3 | -32.0 | -41.3 | -40.1 | -46.1 | -10.2 | -15.5 |
9 | 抗蚜威 | 10.1 | 12.1 | 7.2 | 5.6 | -16.0 | -14.4 | -6.9 | -11.3 |
10 | 三环唑 | -17.5 | -19 | -29.9 | -33.0 | -19.3 | -24.5 | -15.7 | -23.9 |
11 | 速灭威 | -8.3 | -9.9 | 9.3 | 3.8 | -12.8 | -9.9 | -20.3 | -22.8 |
12 | 敌敌畏 | 7.6 | 5.7 | -2.4 | 0.4 | 6.2 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 5.8 |
13 | 残杀威 | -4.1 | -2.5 | -9.0 | 9.9 | -10.3 | -11.7 | -9.5 | -11.1 |
14 | 克百威 | -17.2 | -19.4 | -9.9 | -12.7 | -9.1 | -11.9 | -3.5 | -3.2 |
15 | 西玛津 | -32.9 | -35.5 | -0.7 | -4.8 | -26.0 | -25.3 | -14.5 | -17.8 |
16 | 抑霉唑 | -2.8 | -5.1 | -6.5 | -9.8 | 7.9 | -2.2 | -2.6 | -5.7 |
17 | 甲萘威 | -12.7 | -9.1 | -28.7 | -30.2 | -28.6 | -27.7 | -20.2 | -19.4 |
18 | 异丙威 | -3.5 | 8.3 | -0.6 | 2.1 | -14.7 | -11.8 | 0.1 | -0.1 |
19 | 嘧霉胺 | 19.7 | 22.8 | 16.3 | 12.9 | -2.4 | -7.2 | -9.7 | -6.6 |
20 | 莠去津 | 0.7 | -2.6 | 0.4 | -2.3 | -17.5 | -16.1 | 3.2 | -0.5 |
21 | 水胺硫磷 | -17.5 | -19.9 | -10.0 | -5.2 | -3.6 | -0.4 | -21.4 | -16.3 |
22 | 甲霜灵 | 3.3 | 1.0 | -1.2 | -2.0 | -1.6 | -0.9 | -1.3 | -3 |
23 | 氧环唑 | 1.3 | -4.2 | -8.2 | -8.1 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 0.5 | -1.4 |
24 | 氯吡脲 | -1.4 | 1.7 | 3.4 | -0.3 | -8.5 | -8.0 | -0.6 | 1.8 |
25 | 杀扑磷 | -2.4 | 3.5 | -16.7 | -9.1 | 11.4 | 14.8 | -12.1 | -5.0 |
26 | 亚胺硫磷 | 5.4 | 2.2 | -13.0 | -14.9 | 2.7 | -3.1 | -18.3 | -19.9 |
27 | 嘧菌酯 | 6.8 | 2.2 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 2.7 | -1.6 |
28 | 乙霉威 | -4.4 | -5.2 | -9.2 | -12.4 | 21.2 | 26.7 | -4.8 | -2.4 |
29 | 扑灭津 | 6.1 | 2.6 | 2.0 | -0.2 | 4.6 | -3.8 | -5.8 | 5.5 |
30 | 氟苯嘧啶醇 | -12.9 | -12.0 | -16.8 | -15.4 | -8.9 | -6.9 | 1.0 | -2.6 |
31 | 嘧菌环胺 | 1.1 | -1.7 | -14.2 | -14.5 | 21.8 | 18.5 | -5.4 | -8.4 |
32 | 多效唑 | 1.9 | -3.8 | 3.2 | -1.7 | 2.9 | -0.1 | 4.3 | -1.5 |
33 | 三唑酮 | -0.9 | -1.6 | 4.8 | -1.2 | 1.7 | -3.5 | 9.6 | 11.3 |
34 | 腈菌唑 | 3.4 | 7.4 | -8.4 | -10.8 | -5.7 | -2.6 | 2.7 | 4.6 |
35 | 三唑醇 | 14.3 | 10.7 | -13.2 | -11.2 | -2.2 | 2.8 | -0.2 | 0.9 |
36 | 氯苯嘧啶醇 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.5 | 1.8 | -1.2 | 3.5 | -7.0 | -7.7 |
37 | 灭线磷 | 1.3 | 1.5 | -3.4 | -6.0 | -5.6 | -8.9 | 9.5 | 9.8 |
38 | 除虫脲 | -3.5 | 0.4 | -4.8 | 2.6 | -18.1 | -13.4 | -0.5 | 2.5 |
39 | 氟硅唑 | 9.7 | 13.2 | -11.5 | -4.8 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 6.4 | -1.7 |
40 | 灭幼脲 | -2.9 | 5.3 | -7.9 | -7.9 | -3.5 | 4.8 | 27.6 | 21.7 |
41 | 戊菌唑 | -16.1 | -14.3 | -5.7 | 1.9 | -18.5 | -18.6 | -4.5 | -5.3 |
42 | 戊唑醇 | 0.2 | -5.8 | 7.9 | 6.8 | -3.3 | -6.4 | -14.2 | -16.7 |
43 | 莎稗磷 | -3.5 | 1.0 | -4.6 | 1.4 | -11.5 | -12.6 | -7.3 | 1.9 |
44 | 甲基嘧啶磷 | 10.3 | 13.8 | -8.9 | -5.5 | -17.2 | -16.7 | 5.8 | 8.0 |
45 | 丙环唑 | -3.6 | 1.2 | 6.4 | -1.6 | 1.7 | -1.0 | 18.7 | 15.7 |
46 | 二嗪磷 | 12.5 | 8.9 | -7.9 | 1.3 | -29.8 | -35.0 | 13.5 | 11.2 |
47 | 辛硫磷 | -3.2 | -0.1 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 10.5 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 7.9 |
48 | 环氟菌胺 | 14.2 | 14.2 | -30.1 | -30.9 | -5.2 | -6.3 | -4.4 | -3.5 |
49 | 四螨嗪 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 11.2 | 8.6 | -26.4 | -22.3 | 2.7 | 6.9 |
50 | 异柳磷 | 8.3 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 10.0 | -9.3 | -9.5 | -4.3 | -3.5 |
51 | 氟菌唑 | 37.7 | 30.3 | 40.0 | 49.1 | 19.4 | 15.5 | 79.8 | 75.8 |
52 | 烯唑醇 | 4.7 | 2.2 | -10.0 | -8.7 | -1.0 | 3.8 | 8.9 | 11.5 |
53 | 苯醚甲环唑 | 8.2 | 3.7 | 4.4 | -3.2 | -16.6 | -20.9 | -15.6 | -18.0 |
54 | 茚虫威 | 1.4 | -1.0 | -15.1 | -16.3 | -7.5 | -3.3 | -1.5 | 0.9 |
55 | 嘧啶磷 | -7.2 | -1.7 | -9.6 | -3.8 | 1.7 | -1.7 | 4.5 | -1.3 |
56 | 特丁硫磷 | 6.3 | -4.7 | 2.6 | -3.8 | 2.1 | -5.7 | -2.2 | -7.4 |
57 | 乙硫磷 | 2.6 | -4.9 | 4.8 | 8.8 | -4.2 | -8.9 | 8.2 | 3.9 |
58 | 毒死蜱 | -0.8 | 3.8 | -2.3 | 4.8 | -5.8 | 3.2 | 0.1 | -2.5 |
59 | 噻螨酮 | 0.9 | -7.2 | 3.2 | -6.1 | -21 | -19.5 | -11.6 | -13.3 |
60 | 氟虫脲 | 5.6 | -1.3 | 2.0 | -4.3 | -27.9 | -26.3 | -16.1 | -13.8 |
61 | 哒螨灵 | 7.0 | 12.9 | -8.7 | -4.1 | -17.5 | -21.0 | 6.6 | -4.8 |
表 6 线性方程、相关系数、检出限、测定低限(定量限)
NO. | Compound Name | Curve Equation | 检出限( mg/kg) | 测定低限( mg/kg) |
1 | 甲胺磷 | Y = 2.928e4X + 8.448e4; R^2: 0.9909 | 0.0012 | 0.0039 |
2 | 乙酰甲胺磷 | Y = 2.886e5X - 8.043e4; R^2: 0.9951 | 0.00092 | 0.0031 |
3 | 多菌灵 | Y = 4.647e3X - 1.113e5; R^2: 0.9977 | 0.00035 | 0.0012 |
4 | 灭多威 | Y = 1.743e5X - 1.563e4; R^2: 0.9988 | 0.0016 | 0.0055 |
5 | 噻菌灵 | Y = 2.186e4X - 1.568e5; R^2: 0.9988 | 0.0012 | 0.004 |
6 | 吡虫啉 | Y = 2.457e5X - 4.899e4; R^2: 0.9982 | 0.0014 | 0.0047 |
7 | 吡虫清 | Y = 9.369e4X - 1.577e4; R^2: 0.9987 | 0.0015 | 0.005 |
8 | 敌百虫 | Y = 3.471e4X - 9.574e4; R^2: 0.9981 | 0.0021 | 0.007 |
9 | 抗蚜威 | Y = 1.283e5X + 8.851e5; R^2: 0.9933 | 0.0019 | 0.0064 |
10 | 三环唑 | Y = 5.121e4X - 2.316e4; R^2: 0.9979 | 0.00061 | 0.002 |
11 | 速灭威 | Y = 2.884e3X - 1.457e3; R^2: 0.9944 | 0.00055 | 0.0018 |
12 | 敌敌畏 | Y = 1.177e4X - 4.531e4; R^2: 0.9985 | 0.0023 | 0.0076 |
13 | 残杀威 | Y = 1.261e5X - 2.198e4; R^2: 0.9982 | 0.0023 | 0.0078 |
14 | 克百威 | Y = 2.278e4X - 9.548e3; R^2: 0.9973 | 0.0012 | 0.0041 |
15 | 西玛津 | Y = 3.246e4X - 6.397e3; R^2: 0.9988 | 0.0012 | 0.0041 |
16 | 抑霉唑 | Y = 4.027e4X - 6.521e4; R^2: 0.9992 | 0.0017 | 0.0056 |
17 | 甲萘威 | Y = 5.431e4X - 4.017e4; R^2: 0.9982 | 0.0015 | 0.005 |
18 | 异丙威 | Y = 3.655e4X - 2.736e4; R^2: 0.9980 | 0.00023 | 0.00077 |
19 | 嘧霉胺 | Y = 6.427e4X + 5.536e4; R^2: 0.9997 | 0.0018 | 0.006 |
20 | 莠去津 | Y = 2.06e4X - 1.038e4; R^2: 0.9978 | 0.0025 | 0.0085 |
21 | 水胺硫磷 | Y = 2.765e4X + 4.964e2; R^2: 0.9912 | 0.0028 | 0.0093 |
22 | 甲霜灵 | Y = 1.243e4X + 1.058e5; R^2: 0.9961 | 0.0016 | 0.0052 |
23 | 氧环唑 | Y = 3.345e4X - 3.761e4; R^2: 0.9945 | 0.00081 | 0.0027 |
24 | 氯吡脲 | Y = 7.855e4X - 3.277e4; R^2: 0.9932 | 0.0026 | 0.0085 |
25 | 杀扑磷 | Y = 1.422e5X - 6.298e4; R^2: 0.9968 | 0.0022 | 0.0073 |
26 | 亚胺硫磷 | Y = 3.939e2X + 2.697e3; R^2: 0.9954 | 0.0024 | 0.0081 |
27 | 嘧菌酯 | Y = 8.054e1X - 1.385e2; R^2: 0.9946 | 0.0023 | 0.0078 |
28 | 乙霉威 | Y = 5.986e3X + 2e3; R^2: 0.9923 | 0.0016 | 0.0054 |
29 | 扑灭津 | Y = 1.068e6X + 1.497e4; R^2: 0.9923 | 0.0012 | 0.0041 |
30 | 氟苯嘧啶醇 | Y = 3.252e5X - 9.84e4; R^2: 0.9970 | 0.0027 | 0.0089 |
31 | 嘧菌环胺 | Y = 2.498e5X - 5.16e5; R^2: 0.9968 | 0.0019 | 0.0065 |
32 | 多效唑 | Y = 4.471e3X - 1.702e4; R^2: 0.9985 | 0.0017 | 0.0056 |
33 | 三唑酮 | Y = 8.38e3X - 2.9e3; R^2: 0.9949 | 0.0016 | 0.0054 |
34 | 腈菌唑 | Y = 2.304e3X + 1.186e3; R^2: 0.9973 | 0.002 | 0.0066 |
35 | 三唑醇 | Y = 3.262e4X - 4.403e3; R^2: 0.9991 | 0.0021 | 0.007 |
36 | 氯苯嘧啶醇 | Y = 2.009e3X - 1.562e3; R^2: 0.9957 | 0.0019 | 0.0065 |
37 | 灭线磷 | Y = 7.469e3X - 3.682e2; R^2: 0.9959 | 0.0026 | 0.0087 |
38 | 除虫脲 | Y = 5.62e4X - 9.771e3; R^2: 0.9949 | 0.0024 | 0.008 |
39 | 氟硅唑 | Y = 5.805e2X - 4.753e3; R^2: 0.9952 | 0.00097 | 0.0032 |
40 | 灭幼脲 | Y = 261317 X – 593.5;R^2:0.9822 | 0.0024 | 0.0079 |
41 | 戊菌唑 | Y = 1275780 X – 5510.9 ;R^2: 0.9751 | 0.0015 | 0.0049 |
42 | 戊唑醇 | Y = 2395540 X + 88.1 ;R^2: 0.9875 | 0.00016 | 0.00054 |
43 | 莎稗磷 | Y = 1547890 X – 1505.2 ;R^2: 0.9908 | 0.0012 | 0.0039 |
44 | 甲基嘧啶磷 | Y = 2703960 X + 664.2 ;R^2: 0.9972 | 0.00036 | 0.0012 |
45 | 丙环唑 | Y = 1097380 X – 169.6 ;R^2: 0.9823 | 0.00043 | 0.0014 |
46 | 二嗪磷 | Y = 6792510 X – 3724.7 ;R^2: 0.9966 | 0.00059 | 0.002 |
47 | 辛硫磷 | Y = 404569 X – 648.8 ;R^2: 0.9841 | 0.0023 | 0.0078 |
48 | 环氟菌胺 | Y = 727228 X – 2833.7 ;R^2: 0.9819 | 0.0013 | 0.0043 |
49 | 四螨嗪 | Y = 463841 X – 1303.7 ;R^2: 0.9850 | 0.0023 | 0.0077 |
50 | 异柳磷 | Y = 924567 X + 388.2 ;R^2: 0.9985 | 0.00074 | 0.0025 |
51 | 氟菌唑 | Y = 2607060 X – 6063.5 ;R^2: 0.9837 | 0.0024 | 0.0081 |
52 | 烯唑醇 | Y = 1816630 X – 4940.7 ;R^2: 0.9937 | 0.0029 | 0.0096 |
53 | 苯醚甲环唑 | Y = 2360180 X – 3627.1 ;R^2: 0.9912 | 0.0017 | 0.0055 |
54 | 茚虫威 | Y = 89027.6 X – 141.3 ;R^2: 0.9918 | 0.0029 | 0.0097 |
55 | 嘧啶磷 | Y = 19212300 X – 35211.4 ;R^2: 0.9912 | 0.0018 | 0.0062 |
56 | 特丁硫磷 | Y = 401770 X – 359.4 ;R^2: 0.9922 | 0.0016 | 0.0055 |
57 | 乙硫磷 | Y = 1146910 X – 1938.6 ;R^2: 0.9941 | 0.0019 | 0.0065 |
58 | 毒死蜱 | Y = 152968 X – 295.2 ;R^2: 0.9934 | 0.0028 | 0.0093 |
59 | 噻螨酮 | Y = 660687 X – 1482.5 ;R^2: 0.9949 | 0.0025 | 0.0083 |
60 | 氟虫脲 | Y = 388330 X – 914.8 ;R^2: 0.9944 | 0.0021 | 0.007 |
61 | 哒螨灵 | Y = 3364570 X + 645.8 ;R^2: 0.9980 | 0.00038 | 0.0013 |