拟除虫菊酯及有机氯农药残留检测的QuEChERS前处理效果研究
曾艳
表1前处理消耗对比
Table 1 The pretreatment cost comparison
项目(Items) | NY/T 761-2008 | QuEChERS |
样本用量(Sample consumption) | 25.0g | 15.0g |
乙腈用量(Acetonitrile consumption) | 50mL | 35mL |
正己烷用量(N-hexane consumption) | 25.5mL | 2.0mL |
丙酮用量(Acetone consumption) | 约5mL | 无 |
氯化钠(NaCl) | 5-7g | 无 |
废液量(以液态计)(Organic effluent) | 22.0mL | 2.0mL |
单样本平均处理时间 ( Single sample average processing time) | 约100min | 约35min |
器皿消耗(Vessel consumption) | 多(如刻度具塞试管、漏斗、比色管、 锥形瓶等) | 少(只用离心管和少量具塞试管) |
2种方法均使用乙腈进行提取,但N法使用氯化钠除水和盐析,Q法使用硫酸镁,建立了柠檬酸盐缓冲系统,样本中一些对酸碱敏感的农药更易被保护提取,提取效果更有利于农药的定量判断。N法处理的样本在固相萃取净化后,大多数样本颜色较深,且颜色深浅与样品色素含量呈正相关。Q法在净化过程中使用了乙二胺-N丙基硅烷和C18作为固相萃取剂,对色素有很好的吸附效果,处理后的待测液透明度高,无明显色素残留痕迹。8种样本经两种方法处理后,气相色谱仪检测,均无以上18种有机氯农药检出。
选取同基质、同加标浓度的样本(以莴苣,加入量为0.08mg•Kg-1为例),用两种方法的得到色谱图如图1(a、b)所示。结果表明,18种农药混入后,经两种方法前处理后的待测液均能很好地分离开来,但N法在0-5min范围有较多基质杂峰,有的峰面积甚至超过了农药的峰面积;而Q法基质杂峰较少,杂峰面积也较小;更有利于农药的定性判断,防止假阳性。
(a)Q法前处理色谱图谱 (b)N法前处理色谱图谱
(a) The QuEChERS pretreatment of chromatogram (b) The NY/T 761-2008 pretreatment of chromatogram
图1莴苣0.08mg•Kg-1添加色谱图
Fig1 The lettuce 0.08mg•Kg-1 add chromatograms
2.4 回收率与精密度
选取样本2茄子的测定结果比较两种方法的回收率与精密度。结果如表2所示。
由表2可见,Q法测定样本2的三个添加浓度的18种农药残留回收率均在75.5%-123.9%之间,其范围略小于N法(80.0%-129.2%),但也符合70%-130%之间的多农残检测的准确度要求;Q法测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.5%-19.1%之间,符合小于25%的多农残检测精密度要求,所以Q法前处理样本后气相色谱仪检测的准确度和精密度均能够达到检测方法的要求。
2.5 广谱性应用
选取使用Q法处理的8种样本添加浓度为0.08mg.Kg-1农药的测定结果,计算其平均回收率(%)和相对标准偏差(RSD)(表3),绘制多样本农药添加回收率质量控制图(图2)。
表2样本2的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(n=3)
Table 2 The average recoveries and RSDs of sample 2 (n=3)
农药名称 Pesticides | 添加量Addition (0.04mg.Kg-1) | 添加量Addition (0.08mg.Kg-1) | 添加量Addition (0.4mg.Kg-1) | |||||||||
NY/T 761-2008(%) | QuEChERS(%) | NY/T 761-2008(%) | QuEChERS(%) | NY/T 761-2008(%) | QuEChERS(%) | |||||||
回收率 Recoveries | RSD | 回收率 Recoveries | RSD | 回收率 Recoveries | RSD | 回收率 Recoveries | RSD | 回收率 Recoveries | RSD | 回收率 Recoveries | RSD | |
六六六(BHC) | 97.8 | 6.8 | 104.1 | 3.2 | 85 | 4.4 | 94.3 | 3.4 | 92.9 | 5.9 | 111.3 | 7.6 |
百菌清(chlorothalonil) | 88.2 | 8.2 | 92.5 | 19.1 | 87.8 | 3.5 | 106.6 | 5.7 | 93 | 4.5 | 107.3 | 4.9 |
乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin) | 87.1 | 1.6 | 102.5 | 13.8 | 79.6 | 1.1 | 72.1 | 2.5 | 80.3 | 3.3 | 92.3 | 6.9 |
三唑酮(traidimefon) | 82.3 | 2.5 | 112.4 | 8.3 | 97.5 | 3.6 | 113.1 | 7.1 | 107.8 | 1.3 | 109.6 | 3.2 |
腐霉利(procymidone) | 125.3 | 3.1 | 88.8 | 8 | 104.7 | 1.1 | 123.9 | 6.8 | 88.4 | 3 | 84.5 | 3.6 |
异菌脲(iprodione) | 91.5 | 9.2 | 87 | 14.2 | 106.9 | 4.1 | 98.6 | 6 | 107.5 | 8.6 | 85.7 | 1.5 |
甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin) | 96.6 | 1.9 | 112.3 | 11 | 95.6 | 10.6 | 97.8 | 0.7 | 87.6 | 2.9 | 87.1 | 1.8 |
三氟氯氰菊酯(cyhalothrin) | 85.7 | 2.2 | 96.8 | 7.3 | 90.6 | 8.9 | 93.7 | 0.5 | 98.3 | 3 | 101.2 | 1.9 |
氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin) | 80 | 13.3 | 101.5 | 13.9 | 89.1 | 6.4 | 87 | 4.7 | 105.6 | 3.3 | 100.5 | 1.8 |
氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate) | 96.6 | 4.6 | 104.5 | 16.9 | 81.6 | 3.1 | 99.9 | 3.4 | 79.4 | 3 | 96.1 | 2.3 |
氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate) | 101.8 | 5.7 | 99.5 | 5.3 | 93.7 | 3.6 | 93.8 | 6.7 | 102.5 | 3.6 | 104 | 0.6 |
溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin) | 107.5 | 6.6 | 99.6 | 4.8 | 129.2 | 3.8 | 86.1 | 2.6 | 106.3 | 3.6 | 94.6 | 0.5 |
三氯杀螨醇(dicofol) | 95.1 | 7.8 | 78.8 | 6.7 | 98.1 | 6.3 | 91.5 | 15.3 | 103.8 | 2.7 | 96.7 | 4.3 |
滴滴涕(DDT) | 85.3 | 4.8 | 76.3 | 7 | 111.3 | 3.2 | 89.9 | 4.7 | 90.8 | 2.3 | 81.7 | 11.6 |
联苯菊酯(bifenthrin) | 110 | 6.4 | 107.5 | 6.6 | 92.5 | 3.8 | 94 | 3 | 93.8 | 3.7 | 111.3 | 7.6 |
氯菊酯(permethrin) | 108.2 | 5.7 | 92.8 | 11.8 | 83.8 | 4.2 | 93.2 | 8.8 | 100.1 | 4.1 | 75.5 | 5.2 |
氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin) | 113.5 | 5.7 | 81.3 | 15.2 | 98.8 | 5.4 | 100.6 | 2.6 | 100.1 | 3.7 | 108.6 | 7.1 |
氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate) | 103 | 5.1 | 103.9 | 15.1 | 101.3 | 3.5 | 82.6 | 2 | 100.3 | 4 | 100.8 | 6.3 |
表3 0.08 mg.Kg-1添加水平下Q法处理测定8样本的回收率和相对标准偏差(n=3)
Table 3 The average recoveries and RSDs of adding 0.08 mg.Kg-1 in sample 8 treated with QuEChERS (n=3)
农药名称 Pesticides | 菜豆 (Kidney beans) | 茄子 (Eggplant) | 莴苣 (Lettuce) | 黄瓜 (Cucumber) | 结球甘蓝(Cabbage) | 油桃 (Nectarine) | 马铃薯 (Potato) | 黄果柑 (Citrus) | ||||||||
回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | 回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | 回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | 回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | 回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | 回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | 回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | 回收率 recoveries(%) (%) | RSD (%) | |
六六六(BHC) | 108.0 | 4.7 | 94.3 | 3.4 | 102.7 | 2.7 | 85.0 | 2.1 | 95.3 | 5.0 | 93.4 | 6.6 | 82.5 | 4.3 | 75.9 | 1.7 |
百菌清(chlorothalonil) | 108.2 | 4.0 | 106.6 | 5.7 | 93.0 | 4.9 | 105.6 | 4.2 | 92.2 | 4.9 | 111.6 | 3.0 | 110.0 | 4.8 | 91.8 | 4.2 |
乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin) | 113.0 | 7.4 | 72.1 | 2.5 | 72.1 | 2.5 | 91.5 | 7.5 | 87.4 | 3.7 | 99.3 | 9.0 | 84.4 | 9.4 | 94.1 | 4.9 |
三唑酮(traidimefon) | 116.4 | 3.2 | 113.1 | 7.1 | 116.2 | 3.1 | 112.1 | 5.3 | 107.3 | 3.5 | 90.9 | 2.8 | 98.8 | 5.3 | 121.5 | 0.7 |
腐霉利(procymidone) | 95.6 | 6.5 | 123.9 | 6.8 | 106.8 | 8.2 | 101.4 | 2.9 | 112.3 | 1.7 | 111.0 | 13.2 | 114.5 | 4.0 | 113.1 | 2.3 |
异菌脲(iprodione) | 89.6 | 4.3 | 98.6 | 6.0 | 97.9 | 7.0 | 91.1 | 2.7 | 93.9 | 4.8 | 93.3 | 2.6 | 95.6 | 5.2 | 94.7 | 6.0 |
甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin) | 107.1 | 8.3 | 97.8 | 0.7 | 96.5 | 2.6 | 94.4 | 2.9 | 86.1 | 3.5 | 95.6 | 1.6 | 102.7 | 5.9 | 77.5 | 11.4 |
三氟氯氰菊酯(cyhalothrin) | 112.9 | 7.1 | 93.7 | 0.5 | 91.8 | 3.4 | 94.6 | 3.8 | 85.3 | 3.5 | 94.4 | 2.3 | 99.1 | 4.6 | 83.3 | 2.7 |
氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin) | 117.6 | 7.1 | 87.0 | 4.7 | 87.0 | 4.7 | 107.4 | 2.6 | 102.3 | 13.0 | 104.9 | 2.1 | 115.9 | 3.1 | 94.3 | 3.0 |
氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate) | 105.6 | 17.1 | 99.9 | 3.4 | 99.9 | 3.4 | 104.0 | 3.4 | 103.1 | 11.9 | 102.3 | 2.9 | 117.4 | 5.3 | 124.9 | 1.8 |
氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate) | 98.8 | 9.8 | 93.8 | 6.7 | 93.8 | 6.7 | 101.1 | 4.4 | 92.7 | 2.6 | 97.3 | 3.8 | 117.8 | 4.7 | 90.8 | 4.0 |
溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin) | 103.7 | 16.3 | 86.1 | 2.6 | 86.1 | 2.6 | 96.9 | 5.9 | 90.9 | 2.7 | 97.2 | 5.7 | 113.2 | 3.0 | 84.4 | 5.5 |
三氯杀螨醇(dicofol) | 99.0 | 7.2 | 91.5 | 15.3 | 92.4 | 1.3 | 107.8 | 19.7 | 105.7 | 5.9 | 101.3 | 7.0 | 91.4 | 12.2 | 98.5 | 3.9 |
滴滴涕(DDT) | 97.3 | 9.2 | 89.9 | 4.7 | 93.9 | 2.8 | 80.1 | 18.8 | 97.5 | 1.8 | 82.2 | 3.5 | 91.8 | 2.1 | 85.4 | 5.8 |
联苯菊酯(bifenthrin) | 107.6 | 8.3 | 94.0 | 3.0 | 84.7 | 3.4 | 98.0 | 15.3 | 116.6 | 3.5 | 110.6 | 5.6 | 120.8 | 10.2 | 95.8 | 8.2 |
氯菊酯(permethrin) | 97.0 | 12.0 | 93.2 | 8.8 | 78.5 | 3.6 | 94.4 | 4.7 | 84.7 | 6.8 | 110.4 | 8.6 | 72.7 | 3.3 | 102.9 | 2.0 |
氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin) | 111.3 | 4.8 | 100.6 | 2.6 | 97.5 | 5.4 | 99.4 | 6.2 | 88.1 | 3.0 | 115.0 | 4.6 | 105.6 | 4.2 | 96.9 | 2.7 |
氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate) | 112.0 | 9.2 | 82.6 | 2.0 | 81.0 | 2.0 | 88.9 | 5.4 | 82.3 | 5.4 | 112.9 | 8.9 | 80.6 | 7.7 | 91.8 | 2.0 |
图2 Q法处理多样本农药添加回收率质量控制图
Fig2 The QuEChERS pretreatment multi- sample pesticides add recoveries quality control chart
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