【分享】欧盟暗示RoHS的主要修正 EU review hints at major RoHS revamp

The European Union (EU) is reviewing its Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive and is expected to recommend tweaks that would make RoHS clearer, simpler and perhaps a bit broader. Companies selling electronics products into EU markets should be aware of the possible modifications on the table.
欧盟正在复审其有害物质限制（RoHS）的指令，并预计推荐的测试以使RoHS更清晰，更简单，也许是有点宽。那些在欧盟市场销售电子产品的公司应关注表中可能的修改。
The European Commission (EC) intends to review all 28 exemptions to see if they're still needed, said Chris Robertson, head of reliability and failure analysis at U.K.-based ERA Technology Ltd. "If you rely on existing exemptions, you may need to consider whether to present your case again," he said.
欧洲委员会有意检讨所有的二十八条豁免协定以了解他们是否还是必需的，克里斯*罗伯逊，ERA科技可靠度和失效分析部门主管，“如果你依赖现有的豁免，你可能需要再次考虑你当前的产品"他说。
Watching research connected to current exemptions is also a good idea. For example, a company relying on the Pb-in-servers exemption should be wary if competitors start bringing out RoHS-compliant designs.
"That indicates you wouldn't be in a good position," Robertson said. "It's difficult for the EU Commission to justify an exemption if it's only needed by a handful of manufacturers."
依据现有豁免协议研究也是一个好主意。举例来说，一家公司依赖于“铅在服务器豁免”应该警惕，如果竞争对手开始符合RoHS的产品设计。“这表示你将处在一个不是很好的位置，”罗Robertson说。 “这很难被欧盟委员会判定为豁免如果只是因为少数制造商的需求”
The exemption process itself will also be under review. Today, an exemption request can take one to two years before a decision is made, said Ken Stanvick, senior VP of Design Chain Associates (DCA) LLC. So companies have asked for an easy and transparent application process and a specified time window for ruling on exemption requests.
豁免过程本身也将复审。现在，一个豁免请求可能需要一到两年才作出决定，Ken Stanvick，DCA资深副总裁。因此，很多公司都要求一个容易、透明的申请程序以及裁决豁免需求时特定窗口期。

Expanded coverage
扩大覆盖范围
The EC is also looking at restricting more substances under RoHS, though it hasn't said which ones. But industry sources expect flame-retardants DBDE, HBCDD and TBBPA, as well as arsenic, to be in the regulatory spotlight.
欧洲委员会也在寻找ROHS外更多的物质限制，尽管还没有具体指出。但业内人士预计阻燃剂DBDE、HBCDD、TBBPA以及砷都将列入监管范围。
If the commission selects new substances, it will then decide on the best restriction mechanism. And that could be RoHS or other legislation, such as the chemical ordinance Reach, according to Robertson.
如果委员会挑选新物质，它将会决定最佳的约束机制。或者ROHS或者其他法规如化学品法令REACH，Rovertson表示。
In addition, Norway is expected to decide in December whether to adopt legislation restricting 18 substances, including arsenic, a move that would potentially affect GaAs ICs used in mobile phones. Norway, which is not an EU member, has recommended to the EC that the country's own restrictions be considered in the RoHS review.
此外，挪威预期12月份将表决通过立法限制18种物质，其中包括砷，这将潜在地影响砷化镓集成电路用在手机上。挪威，非欧盟成员国，已向欧洲委员会建议RoHS复审时考虑挪威的有害物质限制。
Denmark supports the inclusion of more substances under RoHS. But Torben Norlem, head of RoHS enforcement at Denmark's Environmental Protection Agency, declined to name them.
丹麦支持在RoHS中列入更多的物质。Torben Norlem ，丹麦的环境保护机构RoHS执行部门主管，拒绝说出这些物质的名称。
"The key point is there's now a certain momentum in industry to phase out problematic substances, and we should encourage that momentum," he said.
"关键的一点是现在有种趋势在工业领域逐步淘汰有问题的物质，而我们应当鼓励这一趋势， "他说。
EU authorities are also expected to act on the main request from industry—to improve the clarity and harmonization of RoHS across Europe.
预计欧盟当局还将主导这种源于工业的主要需求，以改善整个欧洲RoHS的明确和统一性。
Member states interpret the directive in different ways, creating difficulties for companies that seek to comply. Reviewers are expected to look at problematic wording such as the definition of "large-scale industrial tools," which are exempt from RoHS. Member states don't agree, however, on what those tools are. Another troublesome phrase has been "put on the market," which establishes who is responsible for product compliance but means different things to different authorities.
各成员国以不同的方式解释指令，制造了企业谋求遵守的困难。复审者预期会看到一些问题字眼，如"大型工业工具"，RoHS豁免产品，会员国不同意，尽管一些工具确实是；另外一个麻烦的短语是“投放到市场上”，这建立了谁对产品负责但对不同机构意味着不同的事情。

Category confusion
范围混淆
States are also subjectively interpreting what constitutes equipment for military use and what is a "fixed installation." Both are excluded from RoHS.
成员国也在主观解释什么样的设备用于军事用途，以及什么是"固定装置"。这些都被RoHS所豁免。
For example, DCA's Stanvick noted, that different states have differing opinions on whether bomb detectors are military product. There's also disagreement on what is a "finished product," which would fall into a product category subject to RoHS. Semiconductor evaluation boards for microprocessors are in the gray zone, Stanvick said.
举例说，DCA Stanvick指出，不同的国家就炸弹探测器是否军用产品有不同的意见。对成品也会陷入产品类别的分歧。微处理器用半导体评估板都是在灰色地带，Stanvick说。
"Unless you want to take it to the European Court of Justice, there's no real practical way of resolving that," he said.
"除非你想交给欧洲法院去裁决，否则并没有实际的解决方案"他说。
Overall, industry sources are asking the commission to better define which products are in and out of RoHS' scope.
总体而言，业内人士要求委员会更好地确定哪些产品属于或不属于RoHS的范围。
In comments to the review authorities, Orgalime, a European industry federation based in Brussels that represents some 130,000 electronics- and mechanical-engineering companies, cited as one example a RoHS exemption for radios designed to be built into cars. In the Netherlands, however, only car radios and navigation systems built in during a car's production are exempt.
在评论到审查机关， Orgalime (一个欧洲工业联合会设在布鲁塞尔，代表了约130,000家电子和机械工程公司)，举例RoHS豁免产品车用收音机。但在荷兰，仅仅随车制造的车用收音机和导航系统被豁免。
DCA, representing manufacturing clients, asked the commission for product scope clarification.
DCA，代表制造业的客户要求委员会为产品范围加以澄清。
Scope clarification is equally important for enforcement, said ERA's Robertson. Currently, enforcement varies by state, largely because authorities don't agree on what falls under RoHS and what doesn't. "You can't tell, from the terse wording [of the original directive], what all these product categories are exactly expected to mean," he said.
澄清范围对于执行同样重要，ERA Robertson。目前，成员国执法不一，主要是因为当局对范围意见不统一。 "你无法用简洁的措辞描述哪些产品属预期范围的"他说。
The RoHS review will also include a key decision on whether to include medical devices and monitoring and control instruments (Categories 8 and 9) under the directive. The commission has not said anything about the two categories, but sources generally believe they will be included.
该产品的审查也将包括一项关键的决定是否包括医疗仪器，监测和控制仪器（目录8和9 ）。委员会并没有说表述什么，但消息人士普遍相信，他们将被包括在内。

Leaded parts shortage
含铅零件短缺
Meanwhile, as the supply chain moves toward Pb-free parts, industries out of RoHS' scope are finding it increasingly difficult to source leaded parts.
与此同时，随着供应链走向无铅化，RoHS范围外的工业更加难以寻找含铅零件。
"The commission is under pressure to include 8 and 9," Robertson said. "The big question is what exemptions they will allow."
"委员会是在压力之下，包括第8和第9 ， "Robertson说。 "现在最大的问题是什么例外，他们将允许"
Beyond Categories 8 and 9, still more product groups are expected to be scrutinized for inclusion in RoHS, said Norlem of Denmark's EPA. He wouldn't give details, but mentioned "professional equipment and other types of consumer equipment."
在目录8、9之外，仍然有很多产品预期将被细划包括在RoHS范围内，丹麦ERA Norlem。他没有详细说明，但提到"专业设备和其他类型的消费者设备"
"A great number of new products didn't exist in 2000, when RoHS was first proposed," Norlem said.
“大量的新产品在RoHS首次被提出的2000年并不存在，” Norlem说。
The regulatory framework has also changed since RoHS was established. The directive needs to be examined in the context of more recent green legislation that overlaps or diminishes RoHS, said Adrian Harris, secretary general of Orgalime. For example, the Energy-using Products (EuP) directive, launched in August, creates regulations based on the environmental impact of the entire life cycle of a product.
自RoHS制定后法规架构也发生了变化。该指令需要研究探讨的背景下比较近的绿色立法重叠或减少产品，Adrian Harris，Orgalime秘书长表示。举例来说，八月推行的用能产品指令(EuP)建立基于整个产品生命周期环境影响的法规。
"That's a much more comprehensive approach than singling out six raw materials," Harris said.
"那是一个更全面的处理方法比挑出六个原材料， "Harris说。
The EC is said to have received about 50 responses from various organizations in response to its call for industry comment. Those 50 responses potentially represent thousands of companies.
欧洲委员会，据说已收到约50份来自不同组织在工业评论的响应。这50份回应可能代表了数以千计的公司。
The deadline for further feedback is Nov. 29. In February 2008, preliminary results of the review are expected. A proposal is expected to be completed at an unspecified date in 2008.
进一步反馈的截止日期为11月29日。在2008年2月，期待初步审查的结果；一项相关提案预期将在2008年完成。
- Drew Wilson
EE Times
-Drew Wilson
EE Times

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