隐蔽型毒素一直被忽略,相关研究已证明其具有同等或更高毒性,给食品安全管理带来严重隐患和严峻挑战。已有研究发现,隐蔽型DON(D3G等)往往与其DON原型及衍生型(乙酰化,3-acetyl DON,3ADON;15-acetylDON,15ADON)同时广泛存在于小麦、大麦及啤酒等中,所占比例约为总量的40%-70%。有研究表明许多乳酸菌,如耐久肠球菌、蒙氏肠球菌和植物乳杆菌都有很强的水解D3G的能力,因此可以推断D3G能够在人体消化道内转变成 DON。当原型DON分子在各器官中被重新释放出来,可产生同等甚至更高水平的毒性。关于其它隐蔽性毒素的发生也有少量的报道。 由于隐蔽型毒素近期才引起人们的关注,因此关于它们的毒理学研究很少。几个研究表明当动物摄入隐蔽型毒素,在体内水解酶的作用下可转换为毒素单体而发挥毒性作用。相应地,联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织下的食品添加剂联合专家委员会认为隐蔽型毒素对人和动物存在潜在的健康风险。因而,开展隐蔽型毒素的毒理研究与定量检测技术,进行风险检测和评估,制定限量标准,并发展有效的控制技术,对于保障食品安全管理具有重要意义。 主要参考文献: 李凤琴,于钏钏,邵兵,王伟,于红霞.2007-2008年中国谷物中隐蔽型脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及多组分真菌毒素污染状况.中华预防医学杂志,2011,45(1):57-63. 崔莉,刘阳,邢福国.小麦籽粒中结合态脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇毒素产生规律研究.核农学报,2013,27(1):56-60. Berthiller F,Crews C, Dall’Asta C, De Saeger S, Haesaert G, Karlovsky P, Oswald IP,Seefelder W, Speijers G, Stroka J. Masked mycotoxins: a review. MolecularNutrition & Food Research, 57, pp165-186, 2013. Berthiller F,Krska R, Domig KJ, Kneifel W, Juge N, Schuhmacher R, Adam G. Hydrolytic fate ofdeoxynivalenol-3-glucoside during digestion. Toxicology Letters, 206,pp264-267, 2011. De Boevre, M.,Jacxsens, L., Lachat, C., Eeckhout, M., Di Mavungu, J. D., Audenaert, K., &De Saeger, S. Human exposure to mycotoxins and their masked forms throughcereal-based foods in Belgium. Toxicology letters, 218, pp 281-292, 2013. Desmarchelier A,Seefelder W. Survey of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside incereal-based products by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandemmass spectrometry. World Mycotoxin Journal, 4, pp29-35, 2011. Guldener U, SeongKY, Boddu J, Cho S, Trail F, Xu JR, Adam G, Mewes HW, Muehlbauer GJ, KistlerHC. Development of a Fusarium graminearum Affymetrix GeneChip for profiling fungalgene expression in vitro and in planta. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 43,pp316-325, 2006. Rapmitsch C, DayJ, Subramaniam R, Walkowiak S. Comparative secretome analysis of Fusariumgraminearum and two of its non-pathogenic mutants upon deoxynivalenol inductionin vitro. Proteomics, 13, pp1913-1921, 2013. Wang C, Zhang S,Hou R, Zhao Z, Zheng Q, Xu Q, Zheng D, Wang G, Liu H, Gao X, Ma JW, Kistler HC,Kang Z, Xu JR. Functional analysis of the kinome of the wheat scab fungusFusarium graminearum. PLoS Pathogens, 7, ppe1002460, 2011. Zhang XW, JiaLJ, Zhang Y, Jiang G, Li X, Zhang D, Tang WH. In planta stage-specific fungalgene profiling elucidates the molecular strategies of Fusarium graminearumgrowing inside wheat coleoptiles. The Plant Cell, 24, pp5159-5176, 2012.