symmacros
第1楼2015/09/17
2 结果与讨论
2.1 实验结果
此月饼有比较清淡的成熟的菠萝香气和香味。如果用一般的液液萃取, 由于月饼含大量油脂,油脂会进入有机相而污染干扰仪器测定,且使用溶剂量大,费时间;如果用固相微萃取,难以得到较准确的定量;如果用同时蒸馏萃取,有加热过程,可能在提取过程会带来热分解或反应,产生新物质,基质的影响较大。这些提取方法有一定的不足之处,例如提取效果差,费事耗时,灵敏度低等。用磁力吸附搅拌子(SBSE)提取月饼样品,简单方便,灵敏度高,有利于香精和香气香味化合物的提取。
经过热脱附解析后,进入大体积冷阱进样口,进行GC进行分离。用一根毛细管通过分流器分流后分别进入MSD和FID。这样一次同时得到总离子色谱图TIC和FID色谱图两个结果,方便定性和定量。即用GC-MS的TIC定性,GC-FID定量。同时得到TIC和FID的色谱图。
图1. 凤梨味月饼的总离子色谱TIC图2.2数据处理:
先用Amdis质谱数据解卷积处理质谱数据,减少本底干扰,对共流出峰拆分,提取出大峰下面的峰或隐藏在里面的色谱峰。同时用Amdis的MSL质谱数据库和工作站的PBM(L)质谱数据库检索,并结合保留指数来鉴定峰。所有保留指数均由标准样品测定。极少数没有保留指数的化合物,参照其它资料和以往的经验,在保证良好匹配度的情况下确认。用MS定性鉴定香气化合物,用GC-FID色谱图的内标法来半定量计算含量(少数未测定校正因子化合物采用1作为校正因子计算)。
symmacros
第2楼2015/09/17
2.3凤梨味月饼的香气香味成分
表凤梨味月饼的香气香味成分表
No | RT(min) | 化合物名称Chemical Name | 含量 |
1 | 2.871 | OCTANE 正辛烷 | 151.2 |
2 | 3.564 | ETHYL ACETATE 乙酸乙酯 | 1691.4 |
3 | 3.887 | METHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE, 2- 2-甲基丁醛 | 796.2 |
4 | 4.111 | ALCOHOL | 334.5 |
5 | 4.487 | ETHYLFURAN, 2- | 8.0 |
6 | 4.829 | PROPYL ACETATE 乙酸丙酯 | 317.1 |
7 | 4.911 | ALDEHYDE C 5 | 140.5 |
8 | 5.255 | DECANE | 26.8 |
9 | 5.475 | METHYL METHYLBUTYRATE-2 | 285.0 |
10 | 5.475 | PINENE, ALPHA- | 21.4 |
11 | 6.108 | ETHYL BUTYRATE 丁酸乙酯 | 8396.8 |
12 | 6.457 | ETHYL METHYLBUTYRATE-2 | 1073.2 |
13 | 6.711 | PENTANEDIONE, 2,3- | 1.3 |
14 | 6.897 | ETHYL ISOVALERIANATE | 180.6 |
15 | 7.034 | BUTYL ACETATE | 236.8 |
16 | 7.288 | ALDEHYDE C 6 | 681.1 |
17 | 7.491 | UNDECANE | 52.2 |
18 | 7.768 | PINENE, BETA- | 49.5 |
19 | 8.478 | ISOAMYL ACETATE 乙酸异戊酯 | 3869.9 |
20 | 8.88 | ETHYL VALERIANATE | 258.3 |
21 | 9.149 | CARENE, DELTA-3- | 12.0 |
22 | 9.807 | MYRCENE | 131.1 |
23 | 10.474 | HEPTANONE, 2 | 20.1 |
24 | 10.574 | ALDEHYDE C 7 | 40.1 |
25 | 10.949 | LIMONENE | 5819.5 |
26 | 11.081 | DODECANE | 107.1 |
27 | 11.217 | PHELLANDRENE BETA | 2.7 |
28 | 11.345 | ISOAMYL ALCOHOL | 87.0 |
29 | 11.795 | BUTYL BUTYRATE | 54.9 |
30 | 11.795 | DODECENE, 6- | 4.0 |
31 | 12.26 | PENTYL FURAN-2 | 157.9 |
32 | 12.385 | ETHYL CAPRONATE | 2179.8 |
33 | 12.696 | HEXENAL, 2E- | 73.6 |
34 | 13.016 | DODECENE, 1- | 108.4 |
35 | 13.232 | OCTANONE, 3- | 57.5 |
36 | 13.232 | STYRENE | 70.9 |
37 | 13.612 | ISOAMYL BUTYRATE 丁酸异戊酯 | 6943.6 |
38 | 13.612 | CYMENE, P- | 5.4 |
39 | 13.886 | HEXYL ACETATE | 460.3 |
40 | 14.002 | ISOAMYL METHYLBUTYRATE-2 | 220.8 |
41 | 14.105 | BUTYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE, 2-METHYL- | 88.3 |
42 | 14.488 | ALDEHYDE C 8 | 111.1 |
43 | 14.701 | ISOAMYL ISOVALERIANATE | 1169.5 |
44 | 14.701 | METHYLFURANTHIOL | 1.3 |
45 | 14.943 | TRIDECANE | 101.7 |
46 | 15.134 | BUCROLEINE | 165.9 |
47 | 15.606 | AMYL BUTYRATE | 290.4 |
48 | 15.873 | DIMETHYLPYRAZINE, 2,6- | 41.5 |
49 | 15.873 | HEPTENAL, 2E- | 390.7 |
50 | 16.04 | OCTANEDIONE, 2,3- | 42.8 |
51 | 16.04 | DIMETHYLPYRAZINE, 2,5- | 89.7 |
52 | 16.299 | ETHYL HEPTANOATE | 1604.4 |
53 | 16.728 | ETHYL HEXENOATE-E-2 | 164.6 |
54 | 16.851 | PENTYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE, 2-METHYL- | 131.1 |
55 | 17.129 | ALCOHOL C 6 | 151.2 |
56 | 17.521 | INDANE | 121.8 |
57 | 17.944 | ALLYL CAPRONATE | 24081.0 |
58 | 18.33 | METHYLETHYLPYRAZINE, 2.5(6)- P.1 | 96.3 |
59 | 18.495 | METHYLETHYLPYRAZINE, 2.5(6)- P.2 | 38.8 |
60 | 18.679 | ALDEHYDE C 9 | 396.1 |
61 | 18.983 | TETRADECANE | 281.0 |
62 | 18.983 | TRIMETHYLPYRAZINE, 2,3,5- | 36.1 |
63 | 19.219 | OCTEN-2-ONE, 3E- | 127.1 |
64 | 20.087 | OCTENAL, 2E- | 369.3 |
65 | 20.363 | ETHYL CAPRYLATE | 112.4 |
66 | 21.023 | OCTENOL, 1,3- | 148.5 |
67 | 21.208 | ACETIC ACID | 452.3 |
68 | 21.605 | FURFURAL | 1153.5 |
69 | 21.824 | ALLYL HEPTOATE | 219.5 |
70 | 21.824 | DIMETHYLETHYLPYRAZINE-3,5,2 | 4.0 |
71 | 22.411 | NONADIEN-4-ONE, 1,5E- | 137.8 |
72 | 22.614 | ISOOCTANOL | 337.2 |
73 | 22.709 | HEPTADIENAL, 2E,4E- | 294.4 |
74 | 22.918 | FURANONE, 2,5-DIMETHYL-3(2H)- | 93.7 |
75 | 23.001 | PENTADECANE | 161.9 |
76 | 23.184 | ACETYLFURAN-2 | 99.0 |
77 | 23.778 | BENZALDEHYDE | 1394.3 |
78 | 24.275 | NONENAL, 2E- | 151.2 |
79 | 24.392 | ETHYL PELARGONATE | 405.5 |
80 | 24.466 | FURFURYL ACETATE | 96.3 |
81 | 24.585 | PROPANOIC ACID | 76.3 |
82 | 24.877 | LINALOOL | 58.9 |
83 | 25.277 | ALCOHOL C 8 | 46.8 |
84 | 25.878 | METHYLFURFURAL, 5- | 52.2 |
85 | 26.127 | DIETHYL MALONATE | 0.0 |
86 | 26.793 | UNDECANONE-2 | 30.8 |
87 | 26.793 | TERPINENOL, 4- | 10.7 |
88 | 26.909 | HEXADECANE | 91.0 |
89 | 27.25 | ETHYL LEVULINATE | 0.0 |
90 | 27.976 | BUTYRIC ACID | 48.2 |
91 | 28.31 | ETHYL CAPRINATE | 109.7 |
92 | 28.401 | DECENAL, 2E- | 322.5 |
93 | 28.63 | ACETOPHENONE | 105.7 |
94 | 29.234 | FURFURYL ALCOHOL | 186.0 |
95 | 29.487 | METHYLBUTYRIC ACID, 2- | 40.1 |
96 | 30.392 | TERPINEOL, ALPHA- | 1.3 |
97 | 30.563 | CAPROLACTONE, GAMMA- | 46.8 |
98 | 30.563 | NONADIENAL, 2E,4E- | 72.3 |
99 | 30.673 | HEPTADECANE | 53.5 |
100 | 31.097 | PG 2-methylbutyrate | 22.7 |
101 | 31.464 | FURFURYL ALCOHOL, 5-METHYL- | 6.7 |
102 | 31.544 | BENZYL ACETATE | 5.4 |
103 | 31.744 | NAPHTHALENE | 50.8 |
104 | 31.979 | VALERIC ACID | 46.8 |
105 | 32.225 | BUTYL BUTYRYLLACTATE | 29.4 |
106 | 32.357 | UNDECENAL 2E- | 119.1 |
107 | 32.887 | DECADIENAL, 2E,4Z | 167.3 |
108 | 33.926 | ALLYL CYCLOHEXYLPROPIONATE | 1929.6 |
109 | 34.104 | HEPTALACTONE, GAMMA- | 58.9 |
110 | 34.265 | OCTADECANE | 33.5 |
111 | 34.439 | DECADIENAL, 2E,4E- | 1114.7 |
112 | 35.037 | ANETHOLE TRANS- | 2.7 |
113 | 35.493 | 2,4,7-Decatrienal, , 2E,4Z,7Z | 263.6 |
114 | 35.737 | ETHYL LAURATE | 84.3 |
115 | 35.737 | CAPRONIC ACID | 364.0 |
116 | 36.123 | DODECENAL, 2E- | 1.3 |
117 | 36.792 | BENZYLALCOHOL | 41.5 |
118 | 37.799 | 2-HYDROXYPROPYL CAPRONATE | 57.5 |
119 | 37.954 | PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL, 2- | 8.0 |
120 | 37.954 | BHT | 1082.5 |
121 | 37.954 | OCTALACTONE, GAMMA- | 45.5 |
122 | 38.476 | NEOPHYTADIENE | 132.5 |
123 | 39.018 | 1-HYDROXY-2-PROPYL CAPRONATE | 0.0 |
124 | 39.211 | HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL- | 1368.9 |
125 | 39.313 | HEPTANOIC ACID | 128.5 |
126 | 39.673 | MALTOL | 57.5 |
127 | 39.89 | ALCOHOL C 12 | 143.2 |
128 | 40.972 | FURYLHYDROXYMETHYL KETONE, 2- | 26.8 |
129 | 40.972 | DECENAL, 4,5-EPOXY-2- | 169.9 |
130 | 40.972 | PHENOL | 6.7 |
131 | 41.202 | ETHYLMALTOL | 350.6 |
132 | 41.501 | PENTADECANONE, 2- | 81.6 |
133 | 41.599 | PYRROLALDEHYDE, 2- | 13.4 |
134 | 41.599 | NONALACTONE, GAMMA- | 210.1 |
135 | 42.491 | ETHYL MYRISTATE | 74.9 |
136 | 42.75 | CAPRYLIC ACID | 240.9 |
137 | 43.098 | y-Nonalactone | 45.5 |
138 | 43.098 | METHYL CINNAMATE-E- | 2.7 |
139 | 43.469 | TRIACETIN | 2894.4 |
140 | 44.163 | PYRROLE, 2-FORMYL-5-METHYL- | 44.2 |
141 | 44.834 | PENTADECANONE, 6,10,14-TRIMETHYL-2- | 44.2 |
142 | 45.113 | Sorbic Acid isomer | 392.1 |
143 | 45.223 | DECALACTONE, GAMMA- | 119.1 |
144 | 45.223 | PHENOXYETHYL ALCOHOL | 13.4 |
145 | 45.419 | SORBIC ACID | 9879.4 |
146 | 45.419 | BOVOLIDE | 18.7 |
147 | 46.014 | SOLBROL M | 0.0 |
148 | 46.014 | PELARGONIC ACID | 632.9 |
149 | 46.32 | TETRADECANOL | 200.7 |
150 | 46.653 | DECALACTONE, DELTA- | 190.0 |
151 | 46.873 | VINYLGUAIACOL, 4- | 56.2 |
152 | 47.598 | METHYL HEXADECANOATE | 525.9 |
153 | 47.737 | HELIOTROPIN | 49.5 |
154 | 47.969 | 2-Heptadecanone | 66.9 |
155 | 47.969 | GLYCERIN DIACETATE (DIACETIN) | 8.0 |
156 | 48.336 | ISOPROPYL HEXADECANOATE | 0.0 |
157 | 48.598 | GAMMA UNDECALACTONE | 58.9 |
158 | 48.713 | ETHYL PALMITATE | 256.9 |
159 | 49.155 | CAPRIC ACID | 231.5 |
160 | 49.991 | UNDECALACTONE, DELTA- | 20.1 |
161 | 51.309 | Lauryl Lactate | 100.4 |
162 | 51.865 | DODECALACTONE, GAMMA- | 10.7 |
163 | 52.275 | HEXADECANOL | 1071.8 |
164 | 52.55 | PHENOL, 4-VINYL- | 5.4 |
165 | 53.23 | DODECALACTONE, DELTA- | 61.6 |
166 | 53.427 | BENZOIC ACID | 212.8 |
167 | 53.478 | METHYL STEARATE | 202.1 |
168 | 53.994 | METHYL OLEATE | 6.7 |
169 | 54.597 | ETHYL SEBACATE | 21.4 |
170 | 54.597 | TRIETHYL CITRATE | 310.4 |
171 | 54.948 | ETHYL OLEATE | 244.9 |
172 | 55.038 | LAURIC ACID | 380.0 |
173 | 55.255 | METHYL LINOLEATE | 13.4 |
174 | 55.477 | HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURALE, 5- | 160.6 |
175 | 56.051 | BHA | 299.7 |
176 | 56.197 | ETHYL LINOLEATE | 307.8 |
177 | 56.994 | VANILLIN | 128.5 |
178 | 57.789 | OCTADECANOL | 471.0 |
179 | 59.301 | TETRADECALACTONE, DELTA- | 0.0 |
180 | 60.482 | MYRISTIC ACID | 611.5 |
181 | 63.06 | PENTADECANOIC ACID | 120.4 |
182 | 64.297 | Methyl 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoate | 343.9 |
183 | 65.631 | PALMITIC ACID | 1813.2 |
184 | 72.553 | STEARIC ACID | 756.0 |
Total | 126271.3 |
symmacros
第3楼2015/09/17
2.4讨论
2.4.1 从上表看出,检出出184种香精或香气香味化合物(部分无关香气的化合物已删去,包括部分烷烃,基质来源的化合物)。包括各种醛类,醇类,酯类,酸类,酚类,内酯,呋喃,硫化物,含氮化合物,萜烯化合物,烷烃化合物等,以及抗氧化剂、防腐剂等。含量均很低,从不好积分到1bbp-10ppm,共计约126ppm。可以想象含量是非常低的。
2.4.2由于此凤梨味月饼的香气香味很淡,检测难度较大。如果使用液液萃取(LLE)的话,油脂的干扰很大,无法直接进样,另外由于香精或香气香味物质含量特少,需要大量样品,处理起来工作量大。如果用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE),虽然可以避免油脂的干扰,但处理的样品量也需要很大,另外还可能遇到热分解而产生新的非原有的化合物生成,丢失部分化合物,以及基质成分的热分解等干扰。用固相微萃取(SPME),也需要一定的加热温度,对不同挥发性的化合物的提取比例可能不一致,定量效果不好,另外灵敏度低,不能更好的反映月饼样品的香气物质的全貌。搅拌棒热脱附(Twister-TDU)的灵敏度高,需要样品量很少,操作简单方便,可以在不加热情况下提取,减少热分解。
2.4.3 从这款月饼配料表看到有下列主要原料:面粉、植物油、水、糖、鸡蛋、凤梨原浆、食用香精、食品添加剂(碳酸钾、碳酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、柠檬酸)等。闻或品尝,此月饼有比较清淡的成熟的菠萝香气和香味,但不是很强,比较淡。
在这个凤梨味月饼中,菠萝香精配方的主要成分丁酸乙酯为8396.8ppb,丁酸异戊脂为6943。6ppb,都非常高。 菠萝的关键香气香味化合物己酸烯丙酯(24081ppb)、庚酸烯丙酯(219.5ppb)等。所检测到的化合物绝大多数是来至菠萝香精,就不一一例举了。
柠檬烃(5819.5bbp)等萜烯化合物来至精油。
从上面结果看,此凤梨味月饼里面确实添加食用香精,但添加量很少,并不会比天然菠萝里面的这些化合物多,在食品添加剂的法规范围,是安全的。
2.4.4这可能由于月饼是烘焙食品,加热温度高,在加工过程产生少量吡嗪类化合物。
2.4.5 结果删去一些烷烃和芳烃等化合物,烷烃一般来至油脂或其它成分的分解,但对香气几乎无什么贡献。并删去一些从基质而来的化合物。
2.4.6 BHT、BHA可能来自植物油的抗氧化剂(配料表味列出)。防腐剂山梨酸(配料表味列出)。可能来至某一原料。