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计量认证、资质认定、实验室认可的主要区别

  • 金沙洲医院国际肿瘤中心
    2017/08/17
    • 私聊

实验室认可/资质认定

  • 虽然已经在实验室待的时间不短了，但是针对检测机构出具的检验报告仍不甚了解，是否会有以下疑问：计量认证与资质认定有啥联系？资质认定和实验室认可的区别？什么时候进行资质认定和实验室认可申请？......本文针对这些疑问稍作整理，希望能够供实验室管理人员和技术人员学习和参考。


    计量认证、资质认定、实验室认可三者区别？




    2006年2月国家质量监督检验检疫总局公布的《实验室和检查机构资质认定管理办法》明确规定，“资质认定的形式包括计量认证和审查认可。”

    计量认可是根据国家计量规范对该实验室的计量器具精度的认证，代号CMA。
    实验室认可是对实验室的试验能力进行的认证(包括可实施的试验项目、最大可实施的试验参数等等)，代号CNAS。（原CNAB、CNAL已经统一归入CNAS）
    上述两者都是实验室的资质认定。
    除上述二者之外，还有CAL中国质量审查认可，用于对国家级质监中心和省级质监站的资格认定。

    资质认定和实验室认可的异同点


    资质认定和实验室认可的主管部门都是认监委，评审准则基本相同，评审过程和方式也基本相同。
    1. 对象和范围不同：

    实验室认可：    包括所有的实验室，检测、校准实验室，第一方、第二方、第三方均可；
    计量认证等：是检测实验室，必须是第三方。
    2. 依据和性质不同：

    实验室认可：    国际通行的ISO/IEC17025，自愿的；
    计量认证：我国的法律法规《计量法》《标准化法》《质量法》《认证认可条例》，强制的。
    3. 实施主体和效力不同：


    实验室认可：    中国合格评定国家认可委员会统一管理，统一实施，统一发证，国际互认；
    计量认证：国务院主管部门和省部级管理部门组织实施，两级管理，国家认监委和省部发证，检测报告具有法律效力。
    计量认证资质与实验室认可资质不同，他实际上源于政府授权，只对政府和工业部门下属的国家和省质量监督检测机构。证书号码：(2004)量认（国）字（H2402）号， 认可范围与CNAS认可范围相同。
    认证中的计量认证。
    计量认证是资质认定的一种形式。例如国家认监委和地方质检部门依据有关法律、行政法规的规定，对为社会提供公证数据的产品质量检验机构的计量检定、测试设备的工作性能、工作环境和人员的操作技能和保证量值统一、准确的措施及检测数据公正可靠的质量体系能力进行的考核就是计量认证。
    CMA国家计量认证标志，这是做为产品质量检验机构最基本的要求。
    计量认证是我国通过计量立法，对为社会出具公证数据的检验机构（实验室）进行强制考核的一种手段，也可以说是具有中国特点的政府对实验室的强制认可，具有法律效力。
    为保证检测数据的准确性和公正性，所有向社会出具公证性检测报告的质量检测机构必须获得“计量认证”资质，否则构成违法。计量认证分为“国家级”和“省级”两级。


    什么情况下申请？





    实验室认可申请？


    a.承担进出口商品检验、进出境人员检疫、进出境动植物检疫任务的实验室；
    b.有国际合作事务的实验室；
    c.在国外承揽工程建设项目的公司的实验室；
    d.国家、行业或部门权威实验室。以上这些实验室均应申请实验室认可，以达到与国际接轨的目的。
    资质认定申请？


    a.产品或工程质量检验机构；
    b.为社会提供公证数据的独立实验室；
    c.承担第三方检测任务的实验室。以上这些实验室必须申请并通过资质认定，取得合法检测实验室的地位。
    什么情况下两者都需要申请？


    以上两种情况同时存在时，既要申请资质认定也应申请实验室认可。
    什么情况下两者都不需要申请？
    a.只为本单位服务，不对外提供数据和结果的企事业单位内部的实验室；
    b.单纯科研或教学性质的实验室。
    实验室认可与资质认定的上述区别是历史的原因造成的，随着我国政府体制改革的不断深化和发展，实验室认可与资质认定最终将会合并。


    实验室资质认定、实验室认可的标准和准则


    1. GB/T 27025-2008 idt ISO/IEC 17025：2005 检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求
    2. CNAS-CL01：2006 检测和校准实验室能力认可准则
    3. GJB 2725B-2008 测试实验室和校准实验室通用要求
    4. 国认实函（2006）141号 实验室资质认定评审准则

    相关问题解答！


    实验室CMA计量认证，对人员资质有什么要求 ?


    基本要求：
    1.质量负责人1人、技术负责人1人、授权签字人（多名），这3类人员都必须有中级工程师证书；
    2.每个检测项目必须有2人或2人以上会做。其中一人检测，一人审核。
    3.特殊行业必须有相关部门发的上岗证，如：无损检测。
    具体人数多少看相关行业的要求，请问你是哪个行业的检测实验室?如有其他疑问，请继续留言。

    实验室计量认证、实验室认可、实验室资质认定三者有什么区别？




    计量认可是根据国家计量规范对该实验室的计量器具精度的认证，代号CMA。
    实验室认可是对实验室的试验能力进行的认证(包括可实施的试验项目、最大可实施的试验参数等等)，代号CNAS。（原CNAB、CNAL已经统一归入CNAS）
    上述两者都是实验室的资质认定。
    除上述二者之外，还有CAL中国质量审查认可，用于对国家级质监中心和省级质监站的资格认定。


    检验报告上“CMA”“ CAL”“ CNAS”的含义



    检测报告上往往会带有“CMA”“CAL”“ CNAS”这三个标识，其含义分别是：
    CMA：表明该机构已经通过了国家认证认可监督管理委员会或各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府质量技术监督部门的计量认证。
    CAL标识：表明该机构获得了国家认证认可监督管理委员会或各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府质量技术监督部门的审查认可（验收）的授权证书。
    CNAS标识：表明该机构已经通过了指中国合格评定国家认可委员会的认可。CNAS认可是由中国合格评定认可委员会实施的认可活动，是一种自愿行为，任何第一方、第二方和第三方实验室均可申请认可。
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    +关注 私聊

  • mieyingan

    第1楼2017/08/23

    新的《检验检测机构资质认定管理办法》中已经没有审查认可了，检查机构的资质认定条件暂时没有明确的规定，不要再提CAL了。

0
    +关注 私聊

  • 五少

    第2楼2017/08/25

    这个要删了，明显抄袭，老版的了

0
    +关注 私聊

  • yayicuo

    第3楼2017/08/25

    应助达人

    只有实验室认可即CNAS和实验室认证CMA了，不再提CAL了

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