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【分享】斯德哥尔摩公约附件将再增加9种持久性有机污染物

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  • Geneva, 8 May 2009 – Nine persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were listed today under the Stockholm Convention. Over 160 Governments have just concluded a one-week conference with practical decisions that will strengthen a global effort to eradicate some of the most toxic chemicals known to humankind.

    The Conference of the Parties (COP) has marked a historic week for the Stockholm Convention. For the first time, the Convention was amended to include nine new chemicals. Many of these are still widely used today as pesticides, flame retardants and in a number of other commercial uses.

    “This meeting in Geneva has culminated in a momentous day for the Stockholm Convention. Its significance cannot be under-estimated. We now have a clear signal that Governments around the world take seriously the risks posed by such toxic chemicals. The tremendous impact of these substances on human health and the environment has been acknowledged today by adding nine new chemicals to the Convention. This shift reflects international concern on the need to reduce and eventually eliminate such substances throughout the global community,” said UN Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive, Achim Steiner.

    In another move, a groundbreaking decision on synergies was unanimously adopted, marking the collaboration between the Stockholm Convention and its sister treaties on hazardous chemicals and wastes, the Rotterdam and Basel Conventions. This momentum will gather pace at the UNEP Governing Council Special Session of the Global Ministers Environment Forum slated for February 2010, when an Extraordinary COP will follow immediately afterwards. For the first time, the expanded Working Group will be comprised of the three chemicals and wastes treaties in sequential COPs.

    A landmark decision was also reached on the endorsement of the DDT global partnership. While DDT is targeted for eventual elimination, the Convention recognizes that some countries will continue to use this pesticide to protect their citizens from malaria and other diseases.

    The PCB Elimination Network was also endorsed. Countries have now strengthened efforts to phase out polychlorinated biphenyls or PCBs through a cooperative framework to support countries in the environmentally sound management and disposal of these harmful substances. The Network will be tasked with establishing key data and evaluating whether the use of PCBs is indeed declining.

    The Conference also reviewed the process for evaluating the Convention’s effectiveness in reducing POPs over time. A global monitoring programme building on various national and regional monitoring systems will produce a worldwide picture of trends in the quantity and types of POPs in the environment and in the human body.

    The message of the Conference is clear: without ‘Meeting the Challenges of a POPs-free Future’, the chemical footprint represented by these toxic substances will remain and the global effort to minimize their impact on human health and the environment will fail. In a big step forward, Governments worldwide have united this week under the Stockholm Convention to push chemicals issues up to the top of the global agenda.

    Note to Journalists:

    The Stockholm Convention targets certain hazardous pesticides and industrial chemicals that can kill people, damage the nervous and immune systems, cause cancer and reproductive disorders and interfere with normal infant and child development.

    The nine new chemicals now listed under the Stockholm Convention are:

    Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane to Annex A;
    Beta hexachlorocyclohexane to Annex A;
    Although the intentional use of alpha- and beta-HCH as an insecticide was phased out years ago, these chemicals are still produced as an unintentional by-product of lindane. Approximately 6-10 tons of other isomers including alpha- and beta-HCH result from each ton of lindane produced.

    Hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether to Annex A;
    Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether to Annex A;
    Bromodiphenyl ether congeners are a group of brominated organic substances that inhibit or suppress combustion in organic material, which are used as additive flame retardants. Brominated diphenyl ethers are mainly manufactured as commercial mixtures where several isomers, congeners and small amounts of other substances occur.

    Chlordecone to Annex A;
    Chlordecone is a synthetic chlorinated organic compound, which was mainly used as an agricultural pesticide. It was first produced in 1951 and introduced commercially in 1958. Current use or production of the chemical is not reported.

    Hexabromobiphenyl to Annex A;
    Hexabromobiphenyl (HBB) is an industrial chemical that was used as a flame retardant, mainly in the 1970s. Based on existing data, HBB is no longer produced and is not used in new or existing products.

    Lindane to Annex A;
    Lindane was used as a broad-spectrum insecticide for seed and soil treatment, foliar applications, tree and wood treatment and against ectoparasites in both veterinary and human treatments. Lindane production has decreased rapidly in recent years and only a few countries still produce it.

    Pentachlorobenzene to Annex A and C;
    Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) was used in PCB products, dyestuff carriers, as a fungicide, a flame retardant and a chemical intermediate such as the production of quintozene and it may still be used for this purpose. PeCB is also produced unintentionally during combustion in thermal and industrial processes. It appears as an impurity in products such as solvents or pesticides.

    Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride to Annex A or B;
    PFOS is both intentionally produced and an unintended degradation product of related anthropogenic chemicals. The current intentional use of PFOS is widespread and found in products such as in electric and electronic parts, fire fighting foam, photo imaging, hydraulic fluids and textiles. PFOS are still produced in several countries today.

    The 12 initial POPs covered by the Convention include nine pesticides (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex and toxaphene); two industrial chemicals (PCBs as well as hexachlorobenzene, also used as a pesticide); and the unintentional by-products, most importantly dioxins and furans.
  • 该帖子已被版主-piery2006加2积分,加2经验;加分理由:讯息及时
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  • 才哥

    第1楼2009/05/12

    注意了!全球禁用九大“毒物”
    来自全球160多个国家和地区的代表9日在联合国一次会议上达成共识,同意逐步禁止生产和使用9种严重危害人类健康与自然环境的农药、工业化学品和副产物,将它们列入《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》。
      9种有害物质新被禁
      主持会议的联合国环境规划署执行主任阿希姆·施泰纳当天宣布,160多个国家和地区同意限制使用并最终停产、停用9种持久性有机污染物。
    它们分别是杀虫剂副产物α-六氯环己烷、β-六氯环己烷;阻燃剂六溴联苯醚和七溴联苯醚、四溴联苯醚和五溴联苯醚;农用杀虫剂十氯酮;阻燃剂六溴联苯;杀虫剂林丹;五氯苯;全氟辛磺酸、全氟辛磺酸盐和全氟辛基磺酰氟。
      这使《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》所列禁止生产和使用的持久性有机污染物增加至21种。
    这项公约于2001年5月在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩通过,是国际社会对有毒化学品采取优先控制行动的重要国际公约。9日会议前,《斯德哥尔摩公约》禁止生产和使用的持久性有机污染物共12种,分别为艾氏剂、氯丹、DDT、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯、灭蚁灵、毒杀芬、六氯代苯、多氯联二苯、二恶英和呋喃。
    这9种化学物中,α-六氯环己烷、β-六氯环己烷、六溴联苯醚和七溴联苯醚、四溴联苯醚和五溴联苯醚、十氯酮、六溴联苯、林丹、五氯苯将被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》附录A.这意味着,除非获得延长生产和使用的特定豁免,这些化学物必须在一年之内彻底停产、停用。
      此外,全氟辛磺酸、全氟辛磺酸盐和全氟辛基磺酰氟将被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》附录A或B.公约规定,列入附录B的化学物将被限制使用,原因是它的某些用途尚无其他物质可替代。使用这些化学物还须定期接受评估。


    各国禁用“时间表”不一
    由于各国经济发展程度参差不齐,它们在禁产、禁用这9种化学物的“时间表”上难以达成一致。
    例如,杀虫剂林丹虽然已不再用于农林害虫防治,但由于一些国家仍在用它来治疗头虱,因此这种杀虫剂的生产和使用期限被延长至5年。
    此外,由于全氟辛磺酸广泛应用于泡沫灭火剂、电子元件且某些用途尚无其他物质可替代,它可能最终被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》附录B,成为限制使用的化学物。

    新华社供本报特稿


      原因
      通过食物链沉积在人体
      《斯德哥尔摩公约》执行秘书唐纳德·库珀说,之所以禁止生产和使用这9种化学物,是因为它们能持久存在于广泛地域的大气、土壤和水中,并且极难降解。他表示,这些化学物能通过食物链在人或动物体内积聚,影响身体生长发育和生存繁衍并引发癌症,严重危害人类健康和自然环境。
      “许多情况下,问题不只局限在我们如何去限制使用它们,而在于如何彻底停止生产和使用,”库珀说。
    联合国环境规划署执行主任施泰纳坦言,眼下一大挑战是如何在用科学造福人类的同时,最大限度地消除其负面影响。

    新华社

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  • 该帖子已被版主-piery2006加6积分,加2经验;加分理由:支持分享资料
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  • szfonia

    第4楼2011/05/04

    非常好的资料,下载了,不知道对于二噁英并呋喃这类物质有没有限量要求。

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