【求助】prospective and observer masked clinical trial是什么意思

双盲临床试验好象是double-blind clinical trial吧？

double-blind clinical trial 是双盲临床试验。 可是prospective and observer masked clinical trial是什么意思呢？在网上没有搜到相关的释义

clinical trial是临床试验，trial就是试验的意思，这个没问题

The terms blind (adjective) or to blind (transitive verb) when used in this sense are figurative extensions of the literal idea of blindfolding someone. The terms masked or to mask may be used for the same concept.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experiment )

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前瞻性的观察者单盲临床试验 or 前瞻性的观察者双盲临床试验？

个人觉得前瞻性改成临床预实验比较好听

From p.2 of http://myweb.ncku.edu.tw/~smchang/class/r250900/2010-11-22%20Statistical%20Method_Introduction%20to%20RCT.pdf

A clinical trial is defined as a prospective study comparing the effect and value of intervention(s)against a control in human beings.

3 key points:

• Prospective (前瞻, see page 6)
• Intervention. Not observational (as in study of natural history of a disease)
• Involves a control group against which the intervention group is compared.

and from other websites, it is likely that the Chinese translation of “Prospective” is 前瞻; however, it is not easy for me, a layman in medicine, to precisely understand the meaning of “Prospective”

= = = = = =

Information of “Prospective” :

prospective ( from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prospective )

not yet done; in the future.

prospective history
maintaining a surveillance over a patient in order to accumulate a history of an illness after the initial attack.

prospective surveillance
an epidemiological strategy of maintaining a watch over a suspected population after an event.

prospective trial
in a field trial of a preventive or therapeutic regimen the trial can be conducted in a series of consequential or contingent steps with each step contingent on the results in the one preceding it.

prospective (from http://glossary.buddhistdoor.com/word/80230/prospective )

出處: A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera, Concise Pali-English and English-Pali Dictionary [available as digital version from Metta Net, Sri Lanka]

解釋: prospective : (adj.) bhavitabba; anāgatāyatta.

出處: Wikipedia

解釋:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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"Prospective" redirects here. For other uses, see Prospective (disambiguation) .

A prospective cohort study is a cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals ( cohorts ) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome . ^[1] For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits, to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then nonsmokers.

The prospective study is important for research on the etiology of diseases and disorders in humans because for ethical reasons people cannot be deliberately exposed to suspected risk factors in controlled experiments.

Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in the hierarchy of evidence than retrospective cohort studies. ^[2]

It can be more expensive than a case–control study . ^[3]

One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a longitudinal observation over time, and the collection of results is at regular time intervals, so recall error is minimized. ^{[4] [5]}

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The literal meanings of “Prospective” are “not yet done”, “in the future” ; “Likely or expected to happen; Likely to become or be (预期)” (see http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prospective http://www.thefreedictionary.com/prospective )
e.g. “Prospective patient” 潜在病人

However, from the information related to the field of medicine in 7/F above, it seems that another meaning of“Prospective” may be 持续、有序.

“前瞻性”可以了, 反正行内人会明白的

.

Definition of “Prospective” found from “Medical Dictionaries”

http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/prospective
relating to or being a study (as of the incidence of disease) that starts with the present condition of a population of individuals and follows them into the future

http://search.medicinenet.com/search/search_results/default.aspx?navState=4294924268&sourceType=all&query=Prospective+&Search=Search
Looking forward. A prospective study or a prospective clinical trial is one in which the participants are identified and then followed forward in time...

Medical Dictionary ***

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Prospective
pro·spec·tive

Pronunciation: /prə-ˈspek-tiv/
Function: adj
relating to or being a study (as of the incidence of disease) that starts with the present condition of a population of individuals and follows them into the future. compare RETROSPECTIVE
长期跟进? (follow-up, 香港译为跟进, 大陆译为追踪)
“前瞻性”可以了, 反正行内人会明白的

ret·ro·spec·tive
Pronunciation: /-ˈspek-tiv/
Function: adj
1 a : of, relating to, or given to introspection
b : relating to or being a study (as of a disease) that starts with the present condition of a population of individuals and collects data about their past history to explain their present condition. compare PROSPECTIVE

After comparing “PROSPECTIVE” and “RETROSPECTIVE” , I have a better understanding to the term “Prospective” now.