形状记忆合金

形状记忆合金是通过热弹性与马氏体相变及其逆变而具有形状记忆效应的由两种以上金属元素所构成的材料。迄今为止，人们发现具有形状记忆效应的合金有50多种，在航空航天、机械电子、生物医疗等领域具有广泛的应用。下文将举例介绍电子探针（EPMA）在镍-钛形状记忆合金中的应用。图1. 岛津场发射电子探针EPMA-8050G岛津EPMA-8050G型电子探针（图1）搭载高质量场发射电子光学系统，结合岛津特有的52.5°高X射线取出角和全聚焦晶体，可以实现：01优越的空间分辨率EPMA-8050G可达到的更高级别的二次电子图像分辨率3nm（加速电压30kV）。（加速电压10kV时20nm@10nA/50nm@100nA/150nm@1μA）02大束流更高灵敏度分析可实现其他仪器所不能达到的大束流（加速电压30kV时可达3μA）。在超微量元素的检测灵敏度上实现了质的飞跃，将元素面分析时超微量元素成分分布的可视化成为现实。按原子比由Ti和Ni各占50%的合金称为镍-钛合金(Nitinol)，具有良好的形状记忆性能和超弹性性能。形状记忆合金具有一个显著的特点，即变形到任意形状后，加热到相变温度(相变点)或更高时，能恢复变形前的原始形状，而超弹性合金则是在载荷作用下变形，在载荷消除后恢复原始形状。相变温度大致可以在0℃-100℃之间变化，主要通过改变Ti和Ni的合金原子比值或者加入1%或更少的第三相元素（比如Cr、Co、Cu等）。正畸金属丝是一种典型的镍-钛合金，具备形状记忆和超弹性性能，主要的选材差异在于根据患者的牙周状况和对疼痛的敏感程度来选择具有不同相变温度的矫正材料。图2. 展示了正畸金属丝中主要的合金元素面扫描图像及相分析结果，清晰可见材料基体的元素组成以及其中离散分布的微米级别的混合相结构。图2. 正畸金属丝中各合金元素面扫描图像及相分析结果选择三种具有不同相变温度的正畸材料分别进行定量分析，结果如表1所示，总含量低于1%的Cr元素存在较为明显的含量差异。表1. Af27、Af35、Af40型号正畸金属丝元素定量测试结果结合图3. 展示的三种不同型号的元素面扫描结果，可以更清楚地看到Cr元素含量的差异，同时离散分布的点状微结构中Ni元素被替代的情况也存在差别。图3. 各型正畸金属丝中的元素面扫描图像（a）Af27，（b）Af35，（c）Af40图4. 展示了放大条件下Af27材料中微结构的元素面扫描及相分析结果，表明多化合物混合相的存在。图4. Af27正畸金属丝中化合物相分析更多电子探针仪器信息和相关应用敬请关注岛津科技资讯通推文内容。本文内容非商业广告，仅供专业人士参考。

p style=" text-align: justify text-indent: 2em " 日前，中国生物材料学会发布关于征集《可降解镁合金半连续铸棒》等10项团体标准意见的通知。 strong 具体如下： /strong /p p style=" text-align: justify text-indent: 2em " 各学会会员及有关单位： /p p style=" text-align: justify text-indent: 2em " 根据2019年中国生物材料学会批准立项的团体标准项目，由中国生物材料学会团体标准化技术委员会归口的《可降解镁合金半连续铸棒》等10项团体标准项目已形成征求意见稿，并完成编制说明的编写。 /p p style=" text-align: justify text-indent: 2em " 现公开征集意见，请各相关单位或个人将意见或建议填写至征求意见稿反馈表（附件21），并于2020年5月20日前以电子邮件的形式发送至各标准工作组联系人邮箱。逾期无回复或反馈按无意见处理，请各位专家和相关单位积极参与。 /p table cellspacing=" 0" cellpadding=" 0" class=" table table-bordered" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px 0px 20px padding: 0px border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221) font-variant-numeric: inherit font-variant-east-asian: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: 15.4px line-height: inherit font-family: SourceHanSansCN-Regular, " noto=" " sans=" " cjk=" " source=" " han=" " vertical-align:=" " border-spacing:=" " background-color:=" " max-width:=" " white-space:=" " width:=" " tbody style=" box-sizing: 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style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 1 /p /td td width=" 383" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 可降解镁合金半连续铸棒（Biomedical biodegradable magnesium alloys semi-continuous casted bars） /p /td td width=" 5" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 制定 /p /td td width=" 43.66666666666667" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 朱世杰 /p /td td width=" 134" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " zhusj@zzu.edu.cn br style=" box-sizing: border-box " / & nbsp & nbsp br style=" box-sizing: border-box " / & nbsp /p p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " & nbsp /p /td /tr tr style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " td width=" 25" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 2 /p /td td width=" 383" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit 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break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 朱世杰 /p /td td width=" 134" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " zhusj@zzu.edu.cn /p /td /tr tr style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " td width=" 25" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit 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word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 制定 /p /td td width=" 43.66666666666667" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 朱世杰 /p /td td width=" 134" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " zhusj@zzu.edu.cn /p /td /tr tr style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " td width=" 25" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 4 /p /td td width=" 383" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 镍钛形状记忆合金骨板形状恢复能力测试方法（Standard for Evaluating Shape Recoverability of & nbsp Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy Bone Plates） /p /td td width=" 5" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 制定 /p /td td width=" 43.66666666666667" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 闫鹏伟 /p /td td width=" 134" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " supeyan@qq.com /p p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " & nbsp /p /td /tr tr style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " td width=" 25" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 5 /p /td td width=" 383" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 镍钛形状记忆合金骨植入物体外镍离子释放模型（The model of Nickel ion release in vitro of & nbsp nickel-titanium shape memory alloy bone implant） /p /td td width=" 5" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 制定 /p /td td width=" 43.66666666666667" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 郑亚亚 /p /td td width=" 134" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 441845847@qq.com /p p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " & nbsp /p /td /tr tr style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " td width=" 25" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 6 /p /td td width=" 383" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 镍钛形状记忆合金心脏封堵器形状恢复性能评价方法（Evaluation method for evaluating shape recovery & nbsp ability of Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy cardiac occlude） /p /td td width=" 5" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 制定 /p /td td width=" 43.66666666666667" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 刘艳文 /p /td td width=" 134" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " liuyanwen@lifetechmed.com /p /td /tr tr style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " td width=" 25" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 7 /p /td td width=" 383" valign=" top" style=" box-sizing: border-box margin: 0px font-style: inherit font-variant: inherit font-weight: inherit font-stretch: inherit font-size: inherit line-height: 1.42857 font-family: inherit vertical-align: top overflow-wrap: break-word word-break: break-all border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) padding: 5px " p style=" box-sizing: border-box padding-top: 2px border: 0px font: inherit vertical-align: baseline " 镍钛形状记忆合金自膨式血管支架形状恢复能力测试方法（Test method for evaluating shape recoverability & nbsp of Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy self-expanding vascular stent） 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3D打印结构在特定的环境和激励下，其特性及功能随着时间的改变而发生变化，被称之为4D打印技术。形状记忆聚合物作为实现4D打印的关键性材料之一，可在一定条件下变形固定后，通过热、光、电、磁等外部条件的刺激，主动恢复其初始形状。近年来，形状记忆聚合物的4D打印在软体机器人、生物医疗、航空航天、柔性电子等领域的广泛应用，受到了国内外学者的广泛研究和关注。近日，湖南大学王兆龙、段辉高教授与南方科技大学葛锜教授合作，基于摩方精密（BMF）超高精度光固化3D打印机nanoArchS140，开发了一种能够同时实现变形变色的形状记忆聚合物体系，设计制造了精度高达20μm的特征结构，该材料体系用于二维码和多级防伪图案的高精度制造，实现了多重加密和特定温度区间的信息显示，并有望用于数据加密、智能防伪等领域。这项工作为构建功能化的4D打印提供了新的材料体系，还激发了数据加密和防伪的新方法，有利于拓宽4D打印技术的应用范围。相关成果以“Color-Changeable Four-Dimensional Printing Enabled with Ultraviolet-Curable and Thermochromic Shape Memory Polymers”为题发表在ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces期刊上。原文链接：https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.1c02656该工作得到了国家自然科学基金、湖南省优秀青年基金、广东省重点研发计划，长沙市科技局等资金支持。图1 面投影微立体光刻技术（摩方精密，nanoArchS140）原理和材料设计图2 基于面投影微立体光刻技术制造高精度(20μm)和复杂3D结构，3D打印结构具有快速颜色响应和变色循环稳定性图3 基于面投影微立体光刻技术制造的3D结构的形状记忆行为，具有优异的变形变色能力图4 基于面投影微立体光刻技术加工QR码和多级防伪图案，在室温下隐藏可见信息，并通过加、解密、再加密等步骤和形状颜色恢复过程实现信息的可视化，实现多重加密和特定温度区间的信息显示。