天然药物化学考题 填空 1 二萜生物碱主要分布于______科;双黄酮主要分布于______植物;强心苷 主要分布于______科植物 2 喜树碱具有______生物活性,丹参是______类化合物 3 提取原生苷采用的方法是____________;而提取次生苷,则要_______ 4 以皂苷为主要成分的中药材,一般不宜制成注射液,其原因是______ 5 用PC鉴定糖的种类时,常用的溶剂系统是_______,显色剂是______ 6 用13C-NMR测定黄酮苷,苷元糖苷化后ipso碳原子σ值向______场移动, 其他临位碳原子σ值则移向______场 7 提取皂苷时,常选______做溶剂提取,浓缩物加水混悬后,常用______方 法进一步分离总皂苷 8 天然化合物的主要生物合成途径: 醋酸-丙二酸途径的产物是______ 桂皮酸途径的产物是______ 氨基酸的途径的产物是______ 9 总生物碱的常用提取方法有______ 10 D-葡萄糖的优势构象是______,测定苷键构型常用的方法是______ 11 黄酮类化合物在EI-MS测定中,多数苷元常为______,黄酮类化合物______ 离子峰 12 写出下列化合物在不同条件下的水解产物 13 挥发油主要从来源于______,______,______科 14 某植物的乙醇提取液对α-萘酚反应呈紫色,该植物含有______成分 15 萜类的生物合成关键前体是______,在生源上认为反式角鲨烯科可衍生为天然 ______类和______类化合物 4 举实例阐述新药制作的思路 5 名次解释 (1) 酯皂苷 (2) 生物碱 (3) 次级环合 (4) 双糖链苷 6翻译成中文 The separation and purification of plant constituents is mainly carried out using one or other, or a combination, of four chromatographic techniques :paper chromatography(PC), thin layer chromatography(TLC), gas liquid chromatography(GLC)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The choice of technique depends largely on the solubility properties and volatilities of the compounds to be separated. PC is particularly applicable to water-soluble plant constituents, namely carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acids, organic acids. TLC is the method of choice for separating all lipid-soluble components, i.e. the lipids (脂类), steroids, simple quinines, carotenoids (类胡萝卜素) and chlorophylls (叶绿素类).By contrast, the third technique GLC finds its main application with volatile compounds, fatty acids, mono- and sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbons. Alternatively, the less volatile constituents can be separated by HPLC, a method which combines column efficiency with speed of analysis. Additionally, it may be pointed out that there is considerable overlap in the use of the above techniques and often a combination of the may be the best approach for separating a particular class of plant compound