poorlittle
第3楼2008/12/15
Prototype has at least two meanings, please refer to http://www.thefreedictionary.com/prototype
pro·to·type n.
1. An original type, form, or instance serving as a basis or standard for later stages.
2. An original, full-scale, and usually working model of a new product or new version of an existing product.
1. may be translated as 原型
2. may be translated as 样机
The appropriate translation will depend on the meaning in the original.
You may also refer to http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=prototype
原型(6044)
样机(3213)
happyjyl
第5楼2008/12/17
不规范,还是应该译为“样机”。一个词在不同的专业里会有不同的意思,由外专业的人来翻译很容易犯错。比如这句话里的flexible electronic display,是用塑料、柔性玻璃、金属箔等柔性材料制造出来的电子显示器,可以像纸一样卷起来,有别于传统的刚性显示器。因此flexible应该译为“柔性的”,而非“灵活的”。“柔性显示器”也是行业里通用的叫法。关于prototype,在计算机工程里的解释见下:
In computer engineering, a prototype generally refers either to a breadboard (or evolutionary) prototype or a throwaway (or one-off) prototype. Breadboard prototypes are often simple in a development stage, focusing on a subset of the total requirements for a product. These prototypes usually are intended to evolve into the final design. Project managers may formally identify a component as prototype to communicate with stakeholders that the component may or may not comprise the techniques ultimately allocated to the product design, or to meet business objectives. It should not be assumed that the prototype is merely for testing concepts (throwaway). That would be an aspect of a "research" project or "proof of concept." Prototypes provide the developers with a "working model" for demonstration or use by customers, quality-assurance, business analysts, and managers to confirm or make changes to requirements, help define interfaces, develop collaborating components, and to provide proof of incremental achievement of scheduled contractual agreements.
happyjyl
第6楼2008/12/17
这就是专业英语和日常英语的区别了。日常英语里说得通的,在专业英语里可能就说不通,甚至让人误会。比如specification,在日常英语里可以解释为“详述”、“规格”、“说明书”、“规范”等,在英英辞典里也有这些解释。但在药品注册资料里,specification就是指“质量标准”,翻译成“规格”或“说明书”就是错的,因为“规格”(strength)和“说明书”(PIL, leaflet,package insert,等等)各自有其对应的英文。如果国外客户让你提供specification,而你想当然地提供药品说明书给他,那就有失专业水准了。所以查专业词汇时不能光看英英辞典,还要看专业的词典或文献,了解背景知识。
happyjyl
第8楼2008/12/17
我又想了想,其实最准确的翻译应该是“原型机”。“样机”不一定是第一次试制出来的机器,放在商场里供客户试用的也可以叫“样机”;“原型”容易让人想到文艺创作所根据的现实生活中的人。而prototype是指第一次试制出来的机器,可能还要经历设计方面的改动,跟最终上市的产品可能还是有差别的。楼主可以参考一下航天术语里对prototype的解释:
原型机 prototype 在新机研制过程中按设计图样制造的第一批供试验和试飞的飞机或其他航空产品。在新机试制工厂内,原型机的批次通常定名为00批或0批。原型机的数量根据新机类别和研制需要来确定。全新研制的歼击机,原型机数量至少为5~6架,其中两架用于地面静力试验和疲劳试验,其余几架用于飞行试验。飞机的改型一般只要1~2架原型机。对原型机在试验和试飞中暴露出的设计中的不足之处要进行设计更改,使新机设计达到原定的设计指标和要求。原型机是否通过了试验和试飞,是军机达到设计定型和民机取得型号合格证的必要条件。民用飞机的原型机在完成预定任务后,经改装修复,往往以优惠的价格出售给先锋用户使用。除航空器以外,新研制的复杂的机载航空产品如发动机、雷达、导弹等,也要制造该产品的原型机进行试飞鉴定。
何当奇
第10楼2008/12/17
specification 质量标准 是不是跟农药似的包括了形状,流动性, pH值,悬浮率等内容
而 strength规格 就是药品有效成分含量?
说明书 顾名思义,差不多都一样了