气质联用-内标法测定豆类中脂肪酸含量及因子分析
Determination of fatty acids and factor analysis from beans by gas chromatography mass spectrometry using internal standard Method
Abstract: Study on fatty acid composition in nine kinds of beans samples including chickpea、soybean 、 green pea colored kidney bean、dolichos lablab、pea、mung bean、Black bean、Red Bean. Through esterification reaction, using hexane as solvent and quantified by internal standard C11:0 methyl ester. The technology of gas separation of fatty acid methyl ester composition andcomposition analysis of NIST helper tools to retrieve chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed, Both fatty acid components and contents are difference between nine kinds of beans samples of this experiment, It can be seen that green beans had the highest total fat content in those samples, chickpeas had the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids. The first principal components obtained by factor analysis could account for 98% of all variations. The single linkage dendrograms based on principal component values divided the nine kinds of beans into four clusters. This test method is simple and fast, which can provide reference for the similar products of fatty acid content.图1 脂肪酸甲酯混合标准总离子流色谱图
Fig.1 Fatty acid methyl ester standard of total ion chromatogram
表1 脂肪酸甲酯保留时间及响应因子
Table 1 Fatty acid methyl ester retention time and response factor
序号 | 保留时间 | 化学成分 (脂肪酸甲酯) | 响应因子Fi |
1 | 2.95 | C6:0已酸甲酯 | 1.42 |
2 | 4.08 | C8:0辛酸甲酯 | 1.17 |
3 | 6.14 | C10:0葵酸甲酯 | 1.04 |
4 | 7.24 | C11:0十一烷酸甲酯 | 1.00 |
5 | 8.33 | C12:0十二烷酸甲酯 | 0.96 |
6 | 9.41 | C13:0十三烷酸甲酯 | 0.95 |
7 | 10.45 | C14:0肉豆蔻酸甲酯 | 0.86 |
8 | 10.84 | C14:1肉豆蔻烯酸甲酯 | 0.98 |
9 | 11.46 | C15:0十五烷酸甲酯 | 0.84 |
10 | 11.83 | C15:1十五烷烯酸甲酯 | 1.05 |
11 | 12.43 | C16:0棕榈酸甲酯 | 0.39 |
12 | 12.68 | C16:1棕榈油酸甲酯 | 0.92 |
13 | 13.36 | C17:0十七烷酸甲酯 | 0.81 |
14 | 13.61 | C17:1十七烷烯酸甲酯 | 0.97 |
15 | 14.26 | C18:0硬脂酸甲酯 | 0.80 |
16 | 14.46 | C18:1(Z)油酸甲酯 | 0.82 |
17 | 14.87 | C18:2(Z,Z)亚油酸甲酯 | 0.80 |
18 | 15.13 | C18:3亚麻酸甲酯 | 0.99 |
19 | 15.43 | C18:3亚麻酸甲酯 | 0.94 |
20 | 16.05 | C20:0花生酸甲酯 | 0.84 |
21 | 16.28 | C20:1花生一烯酸甲酯 | 0.94 |
22 | 16.82 | C20:2花生二烯酸甲酯 | 0.93 |
23 | 17.17 | C20:3花生三烯酸甲酯 | 0.88 |
24 | 17.47 | C20:4花生四烯酸甲酯 | 1.16 |
25 | 17.65 | C21:1二十一烷酸甲酯 | 1.12 |
26 | 18.41 | C20:5 EPA | 1.23 |
27 | 18.53 | C22:0山嵛酸甲酯 | 0.91 |
28 | 18.88 | C22:1芥酸甲酯 | 1.08 |
29 | 19.75 | C22:2二十二烷二烯酸甲酯 | 1.09 |
30 | 20.25 | C23:0二十三烷酸甲酯 | 0.99 |
31 | 22.44 | C24:0木蜡酸甲酯 | 1.05 |
32 | 23.05 | C24:1神经酸甲酯 | 0.71 |
图2 各种豆类的脂肪酸甲酯总离子流色谱图(a~i: 鹰嘴豆、黄豆、青豆、花芸豆、扁豆、豌豆、黑豆、红豆、绿豆)
Fig.2 Fatty acid methyl ester total ion chromatograms of all kinds of beans
表2 豆类样品脂肪酸相关参数(n=3)
Table 2 The fatty acid related parameters of Beans samples (n=3)
序号 | 保留 时间 | 化学 成分 | 平均测定含量(mg/100g) | |||||||||||||||
鹰嘴豆 | 黄豆 | 青豆 | 花芸豆 | 扁豆 | 豌豆 | 绿豆 | 黑豆 | 红豆 | ||||||||||
1 | 10.45 | C14:0 | 4.74 | 5.33 | 6.56 | 0.16 | 0.65 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 3.61 | 0.00 | |||||||
2 | 11.46 | C15:0 | 2.15 | — | — | — | 0.33 | 0.44 | — | — | 0.00 | |||||||
3 | 12.43 | C16:0 | 325.6 | 886.9 | 942.0 | 174.6 | 145.5 | 121.0 | 228.3 | 579.8 | 118.26 | |||||||
4 | 13.36 | C17:0 | 1.27 | 8.60 | 8.62 | 1.31 | 0.49 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 4.29 | 0.52 | |||||||
5 | 14.26 | C18:0 | 71.9 | 790.1 | 850.6 | 30.9 | 46.1 | 51.2 | 87.01 | 532.0 | 19.14 | |||||||
6 | 14.46 | C18:1(Z) | 1349.1 | 2890.8 | 3539.1 | 169.2 | 367.4 | 534.3 | 190.59 | 2540.2 | 25.58 | |||||||
7 | 14.87 | C18:2(Z,Z) | 2735.2 | 7361.3 | 7792.8 | 515.2 | 820.6 | 776.5 | 840.18 | 5210.7 | 395.89 | |||||||
8 | 15.43 | C18:3 | 197.6 | 1618.6 | 1813.4 | 825.8 | 236.8 | 140.0 | 274.53 | 830.24 | 143.19 | |||||||
9 | 16.05 | C20:0 | 21.3 | 46.5 | 46.7 | 2.24 | 5.90 | 2.60 | 9.48 | 29.91 | 1.25 | |||||||
10 | 16.28 | C20:1 | 7.84 | 8.48 | 8.01 | 0.11 | 0.75 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 5.66 | 0.00 | |||||||
11 | 18.53 | C22:0 | 9.95 | 44.75 | 50.52 | 4.22 | 3.30 | — | 11.45 | 31.30 | 6.75 | |||||||
相关参数 | ||||||||||||||||||
SFA | 414.9 | 1694.4 | 1811.2 | 202.6 | 192.1 | 168.0 | 320.9 | 1122.8 | 145.9 | |||||||||
MUFA | 1292.8 | 2762.2 | 3379.4 | 161.3 | 350.7 | 509.4 | 181.6 | 2425.5 | 25.6 | |||||||||
PUFA | 2793.0 | 8556.6 | 9153.8 | 1280.6 | 1007.8 | 873.2 | 1062.5 | 5755.0 | 539.1 | |||||||||
总脂肪含量(TG) | 4705.0 | 13599.4 | 14990.1 | 1716.2 | 1620.4 | 1620.6 | 1635.6 | 9723.3 | 742.7 | |||||||||
AI(比率) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.21 | |||||||||
PS(比率) | 6.73 | 5.05 | 5.05 | 6.32 | 5.25 | 5.20 | 3.31 | 5.13 | 3.69 |
图3 豆类样品总脂肪含量比较
Fig.3 Comparison of the total fat content of beans samples
图4 不同脂肪酸种类比较
Fig.4 Comparison of different kinds of fatty acids
2.7 测定脂肪酸组成指标间的相关性分析表3 相关系数矩阵
Table 3 Correlation matrix
组 分 | 肉豆蔻酸 | 十五 烷酸 | 棕榈酸 | 十七 烷酸 | 硬脂酸 | 油酸 | 亚油酸 | 亚麻酸 | 花生酸 | 花生一烯酸 |
十五烷酸 | 0.239 |
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棕榈酸 | 0.906** | -0.183 |
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十七烷酸 | 0.845** | -0.284 | 0.985** |
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硬脂酸 | 0.843** | -0.312 | 0.986** | 0.986** |
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油酸 | 0.939** | -0.067 | 0.969** | 0.937** | 0.959** |
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亚油酸 | 0.929** | -0.122 | 0.992** | 0.970** | 0.980** | 0.989** |
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亚麻酸 | 0.741* | -0.384 | 0.924** | 0.956** | 0.925** | 0.850** | 0.887** |
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花生酸 | 0.949** | -0.047 | 0.987** | 0.951** | 0.957** | 0.973** | 0.991** | 0.860** |
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花生一烯酸 | 0.979** | 0.324 | 0.860** | 0.792* | 0.787* | 0.899** | 0.893** | 0.676* | 0.920** |
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山嵛酸 | 0.859** | -0.280 | 0.989** | 0.973** | 0.988** | 0.949** | 0.976** | 0.914** | 0.965** | 0.804** |
表4 相关系数矩阵特征值和累积贡献率
Table 4 The character value and accumulative contribution rate of correlatede matrix
主成分 | 特征值 | 总变异比例(%) | 累积贡献率(%) |
1 | 9.307 | 84.607 | 84.607 |
2 | 1.491 | 13.557 | 98.163 |
表5 主成分的特征向量
Table 5 Character vector of principal components
序号 | 组分 | 第1主成分 | 第2主成分 |
1 | 肉豆蔻酸 | 0.927 | 0.367 |
2 | 十五烷酸 | -0.134 | 0.987 |
3 | 棕榈酸 | 0.997 | -0.051 |
4 | 十七烷酸 | 0.978 | -0.163 |
5 | 硬脂酸 | 0.981 | -0.178 |
6 | 油酸 | 0.982 | 0.075 |
7 | 亚油酸 | 0.997 | 0.018 |
8 | 亚麻酸 | 0.911 | -0.290 |
9 | 花生酸 | 0.990 | 0.091 |
10 | 花生一烯酸 | 0.886 | 0.452 |
11 | 山嵛酸 | 0.981 | -0.144 |
图5 主成分因子载荷图
Fig.5 Principal component factor loading graph
2.9 豆类样品聚类分析探讨
图6 九种豆类样品的单联树状聚类图
Fig 6 Dendrogram using single linkage of nine beans samples
3 结论
天然食物均含有各种不同的脂肪酸成分,脂肪酸有着重要的生理功能,是人类所需的营养之一,脂肪酸的种类很多,不同脂肪酸对人体的作用各不相同,单独讨论某种或某类脂肪酸的好坏是不科学的,脂肪酸不同比例的合理摄入在一定程度上关系着人体的健康,因此研究不同食品中脂肪酸组分具有很高的营养学价值,同时对各种样品中的脂肪酸含量的准确测定也是趋势。