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土木工程术语

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  • 工程专业词汇
    2006-4-20 10:56

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      一. 综合类
      1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程
      2.foundation engineering基础工程
      3.soil, earth土
      4.soil mechanics土力学
      cyclic loading周期荷载
      unloading卸载
      reloading再加载
      viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基
      viscous damping粘滞阻尼
      shear modulus剪切模量
      5.soil dynamics土动力学
      6.stress path应力路径
      7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学
      二. 土的分类
      1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位
      2.groundwater 地下水
      groundwater table地下水位
      3.clay minerals粘土矿物
      4.secondary minerals次生矿物
      5.landslides滑坡
      6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图
      7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察
      8.boulder漂石
      9.cobble卵石
      10.gravel砂石
      11.gravelly sand砾砂
      12.coarse sand粗砂
      13.medium sand中砂
      14.fine sand细砂
      15.silty sand粉土
      16.clayey soil粘性土
      17.clay粘土
      18.silty clay粉质粘土
      19.silt粉土
      20.sandy silt砂质粉土
      21.clayey silt粘质粉土
      22.saturated soil饱和土
      23.unsaturated soil非饱和土
      24.fill (soil)填土
      25.overconsolidated soil超固结土
      26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土
      27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土
      28.zonal soil区域性土
      29.soft clay软粘土
      30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土
      31.peat泥炭
      32.loess黄土
      33.frozen soil冻土
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  • 九头鸟老皮

    第1楼2006/05/27

    liylong 发表:工程专业词汇
      三. 土的基本物理力学性质
      1.cc compression index
      2.cu undrained shear strength
      3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0
      (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively
      4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test
      5.e0 natural void ratio
      6.Ip plasticity index
      7.K0 coefficient of "at-rest "pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2
      8.K0' domain for effective stressesσ1 ' andσ2'
      9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state
      10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition
      11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient
      12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively
      13.N blow count, standard penetration test
      14.OCR over-consolidation ratio
      15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test
      16.p0 effective overburden pressure
      17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test
      18.qu unconfined compressive strength
      19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen
      20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively
      21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively
      22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ' andσ2' denote effective principal stresses
      23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限
      24.degree of saturation饱和度
      25.dry unit weight干重度
      26.moist unit weight湿重度
      27.saturated unit weight饱和重度
      28.effective unit weight有效重度
      29.density密度
      30.compactness密实度
      31.maximum dry density最大干密度
      32.optimum water content最优含水量
      33.three phase diagram三相图
      34.tri-phase soil三相土
      35.soil fraction粒组
      36.sieve analysis筛分
      37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析
      38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数
      39.coefficient of gradation级配系数
      40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土
      41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土
      42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统
      43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会
      44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会
      45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
      国际土力学与岩土工程学会
      四. 渗透性和渗流
      1.Darcy's law 达西定律
      2.piping管涌
      3.flowing soil流土
      4.sand boiling砂沸
      5.flow net流网
      6.seepage渗透(流)
      7.leakage渗流
      8.seepage pressure渗透压力
      9.permeability渗透性
      10.seepage force渗透力
      11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度
      12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数
      五. 地基应力和变形
      1.soft soil软土
      2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩(负)摩阻力
      3.effective stress有效应力
      4.total stress总应力
      5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度
      6.low activity低活性
      7.sensitivity灵敏度
      8.triaxial test三轴试验
      9.foundation design基础设计
      10.recompaction再压缩
      11.bearing capacity承载力
      12.soil mass土体
      13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力(压力)
      14.concentrated load集中荷载
      15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体
      16.homogeneous均质
      17.isotropic各向同性
      18.strip footing条基
      19.square spread footing方形独立基础
      20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层(土)
      21.dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载
      22.live load活载
      23.short -term transient load短期瞬时荷载
      24.long-term transient load长期荷载
      25.reduced load折算荷载
      26.settlement沉降
      27.deformation变形
      28.casing套管
      29.dike=dyke堤(防)
      30.clay fraction粘粒粒组
      31.physical properties物理性质
      32.subgrade路基
      33.well-graded soil级配良好土
      34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土
      35.normal stresses正应力
      36.shear stresses剪应力
      37.principal plane主平面
      38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大(中、最小)主应力
      39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件
      40.FEM=finite element method有限元法
      41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法
      42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力
      43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力
      44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量
      45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数
      46.compression index压缩指数
      47.swelling index回弹指数
      48.geostatic stress自重应力
      49.additional stress附加应力
      50.total stress总应力
      51.final settlement最终沉降
      52.slip line滑动线

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  • 九头鸟老皮

    第2楼2006/05/27

    liylong 发表:八. 地基处理--ground treatment
      1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范
      2.cushion垫层法
      3.preloading预压法
      4.dynamic compaction强夯法
      5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法
      6.vibroflotation method振冲法
      7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩
      8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩
      9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩
      10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩
      11.cement column水泥桩
      12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩
      13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法
      14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法
      15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩
      lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩
      lime soil pile灰土挤密桩
      16.chemical stabilization化学加固法
      17.surface compaction表层压实法
      18.surcharge preloading超载预压法
      19.vacuum preloading真空预压法
      20.sand wick袋装砂井
      21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物
      22.composite foundation复合地基
      23.reinforcement method加筋法
      24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法
      25.freezing and heating冷热处理法
      26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理
      27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理
      28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理
      29.artificial foundation人工地基
      30.natural foundation天然地基
      31.pillow褥垫
      32.soft clay ground软土地基
      33.sand drain砂井
      34.root pile树根桩
      35.plastic drain塑料排水带
      36.replacement ratio(复合地基)置换率
      九. 固结consolidation
      1.Terzzaghi's consolidation theory太沙基固结理论
      2.Barraon's consolidation theory巴隆固结理论
      3.Biot's consolidation theory比奥固结理论
      4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比
      5.overconsolidation soil超固结土
      6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力
      7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结
      8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结
      9.primary consolidation主固结
      10.secondary consolidation次固结
      11.degree of consolidation固结度
      12.consolidation test固结试验
      13.consolidation curve固结曲线
      14.time factor Tv时间因子
      15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数
      16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力
      17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理
      18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结
      十. 抗剪强度shear strength
      1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度
      2.residual strength残余强度
      3.long-term strength长期强度
      4.peak strength峰值强度
      5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率
      6.dilatation剪胀
      7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法
      8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法
      9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔-库仑理论
      10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角
      11.cohesion粘聚力
      12.failure criterion破坏准则
      13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度
      14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度
      15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线
      16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数
      十一. 本构模型--constitutive model
      1.elastic model弹性模型
      2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型
      3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型
      4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型
      5.boundary surface model边界面模型
      6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯-张模型
      7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型
      8.cap model盖帽模型
      9.work softening加工软化
      10.work hardening加工硬化
      11.Cambridge model剑桥模型
      12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型
      13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔-库仑屈服准则
      14.yield surface屈服面
      15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型
      16.elastic modulus弹性模量
      17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型
      十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil
      1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏
      2.general shear failure整体剪切破化
      3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏
      4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态
      5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载
      6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性
      7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力
      8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力

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  • 九头鸟老皮

    第3楼2006/05/27

    liylong 发表:十三. 土压力--earth pressure
      1.active earth pressure主动土压力
      2.passive earth pressure被动土压力
      3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力
      4.Coulomb's earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论
      5.Rankine's earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论
      十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis
      1.angle of repose休止角
      2.Bishop method毕肖普法
      3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数
      4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法
      5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法
      6.slices method条分法
      十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall
      1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性
      2.foundation wall基础墙
      3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙
      4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙
      5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙
      6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙
      7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙
      8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙
      十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure
      1.steel sheet pile钢板桩
      2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩
      3.steel piles钢桩
      4.wooden sheet pile木板桩
      5.timber piles木桩
      十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation
      1.box foundation箱型基础
      2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础
      3.strip foundation条形基础
      4.spread footing扩展基础
      5.compensated foundation补偿性基础
      6.bearing stratum持力层
      7.rigid foundation刚性基础
      8.flexible foundation柔性基础
      9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度
      10.net foundation pressure基底附加应力
      11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构-基础-地基共同作用分析
      十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils
      1.dynamic strength of soils动强度
      2.wave velocity method波速法
      3.material damping材料阻尼
      4.geometric damping几何阻尼
      5.damping ratio阻尼比
      6.initial liquefaction初始液化
      7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期
      8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量
      9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素
      10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度
      11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率
      12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价
      13.stress wave in soils土中应力波
      14.dynamic settlement振陷(动沉降)
      十九. 动力机器基础
      1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法
      2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法
      3.vibration isolation隔振
      4.foundation vibration基础振动
      5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论
      6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅
      7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率
      二十. 地基基础抗震
      1.earthquake engineering地震工程
      2.soil dynamics土动力学
      3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间
      4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱
      5.earthquake intensity地震烈度
      6.earthquake magnitude震级
      7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期
      8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度
      二十一. 室内土工实验
      1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验
      2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验
      3.falling head permeability变水头试验
      4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验
      5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)
      6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)
      7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)
      8.compaction test击实试验
      9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验
      10.quick direct shear test快剪试验
      11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验
      12.sieve analysis筛分析
      13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验
      14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验
      15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪
      16.direct shear test直剪试验
      17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验
      18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验
      19.dynamic simple shear动单剪
      20.free(resonance)vibration column test自(共)振柱试验
      二十二. 原位测试
      1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验
      2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验
      3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验
      4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验
      5.plate loading test静力荷载试验
      6.lateral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验
      7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验
      8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验
      9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验
      10.pressuremeter test旁压试验
      11.light sounding轻便触探试验
      12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测
      13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验
      14.field permeability test现场渗透试验
      15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测
      16.in-situ soil test原位试验

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